Ancient Asia

Phoenicians were an ancient Semitic people who inhabited city-states in Canaan along the Levantine coast of the eastern Mediterranean, primarily in present-day Lebanon and parts of coastal Syria. Their maritime civilization expanded and contracted over time, with its cultural core stretching from Arwad to Mount Carmel. Through trade and colonization, the Phoenicians extended their influence across the Mediterranean, from Cyprus to the Iberian Peninsula, leaving behind thousands of inscriptions.

Elam () was an ancient civilization centered in the far west and southwest of what is today Iran, stretching from the lowlands of Ilam and Khuzestan as well as a small part of modern-day southern Iraq. The modern name Elam stems from the Sumerian transliteration elam(a), along with the later Akkadian elamtu, and the Elamite haltamti. Elamite states were among the leading political forces of the Ancient Near East. In classical literature, Elam was also known as Susiana ( ; Sousiānḗ), a name derived from its capital Susa.

Gandhara () was an ancient Indo-Aryan civilisation in the Indian subcontinent located in present-day northwestern Pakistan and eastern Afghanistan. The core of the region of Gandhara was the Valley of Peshawar, though the cultural influence of "Greater Gandhara" extended across the Indus River to Taxila and westwards into the Kabul Valley as far as Bamyan, and northwards up to the Karakoram range, including Swat, Bajaur and other valleys.

thumb|The name for Sattagydia (:Wikt:𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁|𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁, Thataguš) in the [[DNa inscription of Darius I.]] Sattagydia or Thatagush (Old Persian: 𐎰𐎫𐎦𐎢𐏁 Thataguš, country of the "hundred cows") was one of the easternmost regions of the Achaemenid Empire, part of its Seventh tax district according to Herodotus, along with Gandārae, Dadicae and Aparytae. It was situated east of the Sulaiman Mountains up to the Indus in the Kurram River basin around Bannu in modern day's southern Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Sattagydia was no longer mentioned by the third century BC, probably having been a

thumb|Three designs of metal lingling-o from the Philippines, now housed at the Musée du quai Branly in [[Paris, France]] thumb|Jade lingling-o from Vietnam thumb|Jade lingling-o from Vietnam with the double-headed animal motif Lingling-o or ling-ling-o are a type of penannular or double-headed pendant or amulet that have been associated with various Late Neolithic to late Iron Age Austronesian cultures. Most lingling-o were made in jade workshops in the Philippines, and to a lesser extent in the Sa Huỳnh culture of Vietnam, although the raw jade was mostly sourced from Taiwan.