Ancient Roman occupations

thumb|350px|Part of the Zliten mosaic from [[Libya (Leptis Magna), about 2nd century AD. It shows (left to right) a thraex fighting a murmillo, a hoplomachus standing with another murmillo (who is signaling his defeat to the referee), and one of a matched pair.]]

Roman magistrate responsible for the census and monitoring public morality

An (English: ) was a magistrate in the Roman Republic who had responsibilities for the upkeep of the city, such as its buildings, roads, and markets; the availability of grain at reasonable prices; and the holding of games. It also had some judicial functions, being able to issue fines and corporal punishments with an additional right to prosecute crimes before the assemblies, but by the middle republic was mostly an office used for distributing largesse to win the officeholder popular acclaim.

thumb|upright=1.2|The Liver of Piacenza, a bronze diagram of the sheep's liver found near [[Piacenza with Etruscan inscriptions]]

thumb|Conversion of Zacchaeus (Pietro Monaco, 1730s): Jesus (right) addresses a publicanus (left); [[Zacchaeus watches from a tree.]]

upright=1.4|thumb|Relief of paired fighters Amazonia and Achillea, found at Halicarnassus, identified as women by their gendered names The gladiatrix (: gladiatrices) was a female gladiator of ancient Rome. Like their male counterparts, gladiatrices fought each other, or wild animals, to entertain audiences at games and festivals (ludi).

Praefectus, often with a further qualification, was the formal title of many, fairly low to high-ranking, military or civil officials in the Roman Empire, whose authority was not embodied in their person (as it was with elected Magistrates) but conferred by delegation from a higher authority. They did have some authority in their prefecture, such as controlling prisons and in civil administration.

Among Ancient Romans, bestiarii (singular bestiarius) were those who went into combat with beasts, or were exposed to them. It is conventional to distinguish two categories of bestiarii: the first were those condemned to death via the beasts (see damnatio ad bestias) and the second were those who faced them voluntarily, for pay or glory (see venatio). The latter are sometimes erroneously called "gladiators"; to their contemporaries, however, the Latin term gladiator referred specifically to one who fought other men. The contemporary term for those who made a career out of participating in aren

thumb|right|300px|Three figures of desultores, one from a bronze lamp, published by Pietro Santi Bartoli|Bartoli (Antiche Lucerne Sepolcrali, i.24), the others from coins. In all these, the rider wears a pileus, or cap of felt, and his horse is without a saddle. These examples also suggest that he had the use both of the whip and the rein. On the coins, we also observe the wreath and palm-branch as ensign of victory. In antiquity, the term desultor (Latin; "one who leaps down") or in Greek apobates (ἀποβάτης) and metabates (μεταβάτης) (both meaning "one who gets/leaps off") has been applied to