Ancient women scientists

alchemist who lived between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE in Alexandria

3rd and 4th century Egyptian alchemist and author

Peseshet, who lived under the Fourth Dynasty of ancient Egypt (albeit a date in the Fifth Dynasty is also possible), is often credited with being the earliest known female physician in history. Some have credited Merit-Ptah with being the first female physician, but she is likely a fictional creation based upon Peseshet. Peseshet’s relevant title was "lady overseer of the female physicians," but whether she was a physician herself is uncertain. She also had the titles ''king's acquaintance, and overseer of funerary-priests of the king's mother''.

Pandrosion of Alexandria () was a mathematician in fourth-century-AD Alexandria, discussed in the Mathematical Collection of Pappus of Alexandria and known for having possibly developed an approximate method for doubling the cube. She is likely the earliest known female mathematician.

Pythias (; ), also known as Pythias the Elder, was the adopted daughter of Hermias, ruler of the cities Assos and Atarneus on the Anatolian coast opposite the island of Lesbos. She was also Aristotle's first wife. Hermias was an enemy of Persia and allied with Macedonia. In his will, Aristotle ordered that he be buried next to his wife. From his wording, it is known that Pythias was already dead by the time he wrote his will.

earliest recorded woman alchemist in China

Chinese physician