Mary the Jewess
Also known as María la judía, María Profética, maria profetisa, María profetisa, Miriam la profetisa, Ary la profetisa, María la Copta, Maria
alchemist who lived between the 1st and 3rd centuries CE in Alexandria
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Article
Mary or Maria the Jewess (Latin: Maria Hebraea), also known as Mary the Prophetess (Latin: Maria Prophetissa) or Maria the Copt (Arabic: مارية القبطية, romanized: Māriyya al-Qibṭiyya), was an early alchemist known from the works of Zosimos of Panopolis (fl. c. 300 CE) and other authors in the Greek alchemical tradition. On the basis of Zosimos's comments, she lived between the first and third centuries CE in Alexandria. Marilyn French, F. Sherwood Taylor and Edmund Oscar von Lippmann list her as one of the first alchemical writers, dating her works at no later than the first century.
She is credited with the invention of several kinds of chemical apparatus (e.g., the bain-marie) and is considered to be the first true alchemist of the Western world.