Apartheid

Apartheid ( , especially South African English:  , ; , ) was a system of institutionalised racial segregation that existed in South Africa and South West Africa (now Namibia) from 1948 to the early 1990s. It was characterised by an authoritarian political culture based on baasskap ( 'boss-ship' or 'boss-hood'), which ensured that South Africa was dominated politically, socially, and economically by the nation's minority white population. Under this minoritarian system, white citizens held the highest status, followed by Indians, Coloureds and black Africans, in that order. The economic le

environmental injustice that occurs within a racialized context both in practice and policy.

race based restrictions in American society

inhumane acts of a character similar to other crimes against humanity

system of government that excludes minorities

involuntary settlements for deported minorities in the Soviet Union

socioeconomic discrimination based on gender

United Nations convention and human rights instrument