Aristophanes

Aristophanes (; ; ) was an Ancient Greek comic playwright from Athens. He wrote forty plays, of which eleven survive virtually complete. The majority of his surviving plays belong to the genre of comic drama known as Old Comedy and are considered its most valuable examples. Aristophanes's plays were performed at the religious festivals of Athens, mostly the City Dionysia and the Lenaia, and several of them won the first prize in their respective competitions.

thumb | right | alt=A Bust of Aristophanes in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy, with Greek writing on the base then curving up to the head | Bust (sculpture)|Bust of [[Aristophanes in the Uffizi Gallery, Florence, Italy]]

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thumb|Pseudo-Seneca bust recovered from the Villa of the Papyri in Herculaneum MANN 5616 The Pseudo-Seneca is a Roman bronze bust of the late 1st century BC that was discovered in the Villa of the Papyri at Herculaneum in 1754, the finest example of about two dozen examples depicting the same face. It was originally believed to depict Seneca the Younger, the notable Roman philosopher, because its emaciated features were supposed to reflect his Stoic philosophy. However, modern scholars agree it is likely a fictitious portrait, probably intended for either Hesiod or Aristophanes. It is thought

Rhaphanidosis is the act of inserting the root of a radish into the anus. It is mentioned by Aristophanes as a punishment for adultery in Classical Athens in the fifth and fourth century BC. It was also a punishment for other sex-related crimes, such as promiscuity and sodomy. Later classical references to the punishment include Catullus 15, where percurrent raphanique mugilesque (both radishes and mullets will run you through) is threatened against those who cast lascivious eyes on a boy (puer) the poet cares for. ==Historicity== There is some doubt as to whether the punishment was ever enfo

Spoudaiogeloion () denotes the mixture of serious and comical elements stylistically. The word comes from the Greek σπουδαῖον spoudaion, "serious", and γελοῖον geloion, "comical".