Atmospheric sciences

thumb|upright=1.35|Double rainbow and supernumerary rainbows on the inside of the primary arc. The shadow of the photographer's head at the bottom of the photograph marks the centre of the rainbow circle (the antisolar point).

thumb|upright=2|Köppen climate classification|Köppen-Geiger climate classification (1980–2016)

umbrella term for the study of the atmosphere

accounting of the energy flows which determine Earth's surface temperature and drive its climate

Aeronomy is the scientific study of the upper atmosphere of the Earth and corresponding regions of the atmospheres of other planets. It is a branch of both atmospheric chemistry and atmospheric physics. Scientists specializing in aeronomy, known as aeronomers, study the motions and chemical composition and properties of the Earth's upper atmosphere and regions of the atmospheres of other planets that correspond to it, as well as the interaction between upper atmospheres and the space environment. In atmospheric regions aeronomers study, chemical dissociation and ionization are important phenom

type of rainbow formed by airborne water droplets

study of plasmas that occur naturally in the universe

Teleconnection in atmospheric science refers to climate anomalies being related to each other at large distances (typically thousands of kilometers). The most emblematic teleconnection is that linking sea-level pressure at Tahiti and Darwin, Australia, which defines the Southern Oscillation. Another well-known teleconnection links the sea-level pressure over Iceland with the one over the Azores, traditionally defining the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO).

Atmosphere of a protoplanet

NASA atmospheric research satellite

thumb|right|300px|Dewbow around heiligenschein on the ground. thumb|right|300px|Dewbow on a spiderweb.

theoretical concept

cloud species

Coniology or koniology (from Greek , or , , "dust"; and , ) is the study of atmospheric dust and its effects. Samples of dust are often collected by a device called a coniometer. Coniology refers to the observation and contemplation of dust in an atmosphere, but the study of dust may also be applied to dust in space, therefore connecting it to a variety of atmospheric and extraterrestrial topics.

thumb|upright=1.25|Fig. 1 Group of iberulites observed under SEM. The arrows show vortex position. Iberulites are a particular type of microspherulites (Fig. 1) that develop in the atmosphere (troposphere), finally falling to the Earth's surface. The name comes from the Iberian Peninsula where they were discovered.

thumb|30 MHz HAARP riometer. thumb|HAARP antennas. thumb|Chart of the VHF riometer at HAARP from UTC 2007-01-28, 12:00 until UTC 2007-01-30, 00:00. It shown an event which causes an increased ionospheric absorption.