Bacteriophages

thumb|Structure at atomic resolution of Escherichia virus T4|bacteriophage T4 right|thumb|The structure of a typical Myoviridae|myovirus bacteriophage thumb|Anatomy and infection cycle of Escherichia virus T4|bacteriophage T4.

experiment

transfer of genetic information to a bacterium from a bacteriophage, or between bacterial or yeast cells, mediated by a phage vector

process of virus reproduction in which the bacteriophage DNA is integrated into the host bacterium's genome

therapeutic use of bacteriophages to treat pathogenic bacterial infections

process of virus reproduction in which the viral DNA exists as a separate free floating molecule within the bacterial cell

225px|thumb|Formation of a prophageA prophage is a bacteriophage (often shortened to "phage") genome that is integrated into the circular bacterial chromosome or exists as an extrachromosomal plasmid within the bacterial cell. Integration of prophages into the bacterial host is the characteristic step of the lysogenic cycle of temperate phages. Prophages remain latent in the genome through multiple cell divisions until activation by an external factor, such as UV light, leading to production of new phage particles that will lyse the cell and spread. As ubiquitous mobile genetic elements, proph

bacteriophage

biological technique to evolve proteins using bacteriophages

systems consisting of two enzymes, a modification methylase and a restriction endonuclease

thumb|300px|right|Electron micrograph of negative-stained [[Prochlorococcus myoviruses]] Cyanophages are viruses that infect cyanobacteria, also known as Cyanophyta or blue-green algae. Cyanobacteria are a phylum of bacteria that obtain their energy through the process of photosynthesis. Although cyanobacteria metabolize photoautotrophically like eukaryotic plants, they have prokaryotic cell structure. Cyanophages can be found in both freshwater and marine environments. Marine and freshwater cyanophages have icosahedral heads, which contain double-stranded DNA, attached to a tail by connector

REDIRECT Volvereviria

phage therapy center in Tbilisi, Georgia

Merivirus is a genus of viruses that is the sole genus in the family Corticoviridae. Meriviruses are bacteriophages; that is, their natural hosts are bacteria. The genus contains two species. From 1981 to 2024, the genus was named Corticovirus, sharing a name with its family. Prophages closely related to bacteriophage PM2 are abundant in the genomes of aquatic bacteria, suggesting that the ecological importance of meriviruses might be underestimated. Bacteriophage PM2 was first described in 1968 after isolation from seawater sampled from the coast of Chile.

Tectiviridae is a family of viruses with 12 species in five genera. Bacteria serve as natural hosts. Tectiviruses have no head-tail structure, but are capable of producing tail-like tubes of ~ 60×10 nm upon adsorption or after chloroform treatment. The name is derived from Latin tectus (meaning 'covered').

species of virus

Plasmaviridae is a family of bacteria-infecting viruses. Acholeplasma species serve as natural hosts. There is one genus in the family, Plasmavirus, which contains one species: Acholeplasma phage L2 (Plasmavirus L2). All viruses known in this family have been isolated from species in the class Mollicutes.

visible structure formed by virus propagation within a cell culture

thumb|Tailed bacteriophage structure: (1) head, (2) tail, (3) DNA, (4) capsid, (5) collar, (6) sheath, (7) tail fibres, (8) spikes, (9) base plate thumb|Transmission electron microscopy|Transmission electron micrograph of Gamma-Phage thumb|right|Illustrations of various caudoviricetes. Not to scale.

in genomic research

CrAss-like phages (crassviruses) are an order of bacterial viruses (bacteriophages) that represent the most abundant viruses in the human gut, discovered in 2014 by cross assembling reads in human fecal metagenomes. In silico comparative genomics and taxonomic analysis have found that crAss-like phages represent a highly abundant and diverse family of viruses. CrAss-like phage were predicted to infect bacteria of the Bacteroidota phylum and the prediction was later confirmed when the first crAss-like phage (crAss001) was isolated on a Bacteroidota host (Bacteroides intestinalis) in 2018. Crass