Belief

In religion, faith is the "belief in God or in the doctrines or teachings of religion". Religious people often think of faith as confidence based on a perceived degree of warrant, or evidence, while others who are more skeptical of religion tend to think of faith as belief without evidence.

The meaning of spirituality has developed and expanded over time, and various meanings can be found alongside each other. Traditionally, spirituality referred to a religious process of re-formation which "aims to recover the original shape of man", oriented at "the image of God" as exemplified by the founders and sacred texts of the religions of the world. The term was used within early Christianity to refer to a life oriented toward the Holy Spirit and broadened during the Late Middle Ages to include mental aspects of life.

A belief is a subjective attitude that something is true or a state of affairs is the case. A subjective attitude is a mental state of having some stance, take, or opinion about something. In epistemology, philosophers use the term belief to refer to attitudes about the world which can be either true or false. To believe something is to take it to be true; for instance, to believe that snow is white is comparable to accepting the truth of the proposition "snow is white". However, holding a belief does not require active introspection. For example, few individuals carefully consider whether or

thumb|"Soapboxing" in [[Chinatown, San Francisco]]

Doctrine (from , meaning 'teaching, instruction') is a codification of beliefs or a body of teachings or instructions, taught principles or positions, as the essence of teachings in a given branch of knowledge or in a belief system. The etymological Greek analogue is 'catechism'.

Intuition is the ability to acquire knowledge without recourse to conscious reasoning or needing an explanation. Different fields use the word "intuition" in very different ways, including but not limited to: direct access to unconscious knowledge; unconscious cognition; gut feelings; inner sensing; inner insight to unconscious pattern-recognition; and the ability to understand something instinctively, without any need for conscious reasoning. Intuitive knowledge tends to be approximate or heuristic.

A delusion is a fixed belief that is not amenable to change in light of conflicting evidence. As a pathology (delusional disorder), it is distinct from a belief based on false or incomplete information, confabulation, dogma, illusion, hallucination, or some other misleading effects of perception, as individuals with those beliefs are able to change or readjust their beliefs upon reviewing the evidence. However:

A worldview (also world-view or world view) or '''''' is the fundamental cognitive orientation of an individual or society encompassing the whole of the individual's or society's knowledge, culture, and point of view. When two parties view the same real world phenomenon, if their world views differ, one may include elements that the other does not leading to differing conclusions, despite the shared reference point.

set of widely accepted beliefs

aggregate of individual attitudes or beliefs held by the adult population

mental stress or discomfort experienced by an individual who holds two or more contradictory beliefs, ideas, or values at the same time

thumb|upright|Persuasion (novel)|Persuasion, novel by [[Jane Austen, illustrated by C. E. Brock. For Sir Walter Elliot, baronet, the hints of Mr Shepherd, his agent, were quite unwelcome...]] Persuasion or persuasion arts is an umbrella term for influence. Persuasion can influence a person's beliefs, attitudes, intentions, motivations, or behaviours.

thumb|Cover of The Isms of Art (1925) by Jean Arp and [[El Lissitzky, listing many art movements such as constructivism, Dadaism, expressionism, among others.]]

standpoint regarding a topic; opinion, attitude, or judgment upon some matter; way that one looks at something

Doxa (; from verb ) is a common belief or popular opinion. In classical rhetoric, doxa is contrasted with episteme ('knowledge').

thumb|200px|Scientists with PhD degrees are considered credible sources in their field of expertise, due to their state-accredited advanced study. Credibility comprises the objective and subjective components of the believability of a source or message. Credibility is deemed essential in many fields to establish expertise. It plays a crucial role in journalism, teaching, science, medicine, business leadership, and social media.

organization; network of researchers

phrase separating reality from fiction or social media

person's relation with what they accept as being of ultimate importance

Duplicity, fraud, or deception

A disposition is a quality of character, a habit, a preparation, a state of readiness, or a tendency to act in a specified way.

Belief system

in religion and philosophy, the act of believing in or accepting something outside the boundaries of reason

what is generally agreed to be reality, based on a consensus view

modal logic concerned with reasoning about beliefs

psychological test

social phenomenon in which a concept or idea is repeatedly asserted in a community, regardless of whether sufficient empirical evidence has been presented to support it

unproven constructs pertaining to the vagus nerve

model based on predictors of a person’s perceptions that could be detrimental to said person's health

continued belief in a debunked theory

philosophical theory

mathematical theory of evidence

Evidentialism is a thesis in epistemology which states that one is justified to believe something if and only if that person has evidence which supports said belief. Evidentialism is, therefore, a thesis about which beliefs are justified and which are not.

when universalizable abstract principles are reflectively found to be in equilibrium with particular intuitive judgements

epistemological distinction between statements of fact (positive, descriptive) based on reason and physical observation and statements of value (normative, prescriptive) about ethics and aesthetics, studied via axiology

process of changing beliefs to take into account a new piece of information

Credulity is a person's willingness or ability to believe that a statement is true, especially on minimal or uncertain evidence. Credulity is not necessarily a belief in something that may be false: the subject of the belief may even be correct, but a credulous person will believe it without good evidence.

the axioms under the epistemological view called foundationalism

thumb|upright=1.3|A 17th century painting depicting the Denial of Peter, found in the four [[Gospels in the New Testament. In it, Peter denies having associated with Jesus, who is being sought by authorities.]] Denial, in colloquial English usage, has at least three meanings:

Infallibilism is the epistemological view that propositional knowledge is incompatible with the possibility of being wrong.

American political slogan

mental state in philosophy and psychology

psychological illusion that one will not undergo significant developmental changes in the future

principle in epistemology