Biblical criticism

French philosopher and writer (1823–1892)

way to describe the gospels of Matthew, Mark, and Luke collectively

books of the Bible which are considered non-canonical by Protestant denominations

hypothetical collection of sayings attributed to Jesus, used as a common source (along with Mark) for Matthew and Luke according to the two-source hypothesis to the synoptic problem

hypothesis that the Torah originated as a set of independent documents edited together by a later redactor

use of critical analysis to understand and explain the Bible

Samaritan version of the first five Biblical books

branch of literary criticism that investigates the origins of ancient text (usually the Bible)

German orientalist and theologian (1786–1842)

opinion that biblical Jesus was purely fictional

Interpolated phrase in verses 5:7–8 of 1 John

passage (John 7:53–8:11) from the Gospel of John that does not appear in the earliest manuscripts

Professor of medicine:Montpellier/Paris/wrote the first great treatise on syphilis/venereal diseases (1684-1766)

critical edition of the Greek New Testament

solution to the synoptic problem, stating that Matthew and Luke were based on Mark and a hypothetical sayings collection ("Q")

method of biblical criticism

two dissimilar translation approaches

Biblical critic (1638–1712)

entry or passage in a text that was not written by the original author

one of four divisions in the Christian Old Testament

relationship between historic and Biblical events

subset of the books of Septuagint: Job, Psalms, Proverbs, Ecclesiastes, the Song of Songs, Wisdom, Sirach

American priest and biblical scholar (1928–1998)

thumb|A map showing the generally defined area of the Fertile Crescent in red Panbabylonism (also known as Panbabylonianism) was the school of thought that considered the cultures and religions of the Middle East and civilization in general to be ultimately derived from Babylonian myths which in turn they viewed as being based on Babylonian astronomy, often in hidden ways.

Demythologization as a hermeneutic approach to religious texts seeks to separate or recover cosmological, sociological and historic claims from philosophical, ethical and theological teachings. Mostly applied to biblical texts, demythologization often overlaps with philology, biblical criticism and form criticism. The term demythologization (in German: Entmythologisierung) was introduced by Rudolf Bultmann (1884–1976) in existential context, but the concept has earlier precedents.

British scholar (1924–2013)

Flemish Jesuit hagiographer (1628–1714)

the context in which a text, or object, has been created, and its function and purpose at that time

German theologian (1761-1851)

the collection of New Testament works traditionally attributed to John the Apostle or to a Johannine Christian community: the Gospel of John, the 1st–3rd Epistles of John, and the Book of Revelation

school of Protestant and Catholic theology that developed at the University of Tübingen in the 19th century

academic efforts to determine what words and actions, if any, may be attributed to Jesus

division of the Old Testament; a group of texts

a critical method for the study of biblical texts

The Hexateuch ("six scrolls") is the first six books of the Hebrew Bible: the Torah (Pentateuch) and the book of Joshua.

commonly accepted dates or ranges of dates for composition of the Hebrew Bible, the Deuterocanonical books and the New Testament

text type of the New Testament

Papal encyclical letter issued by Pope Pius XII

critical criterion for evaluating a historical account's veracity

British theologian (1813–1875)

solution to the synoptic problem, according to which Matthew was written first, Mark second and depending on Matthew, and Luke in turn depending on Matthew and Mark

principle of textual criticism

prophecy written after the author already had information about the events being "foretold", so as to appear that the prophecy had taken place before the event, when in fact it was written after the events supposedly predicted

Haplography (from Greek: haplo- 'single' + -graphy 'writing'), also known as lipography (from Greek: lip- from leipein 'to leave/to omit' + -graphy 'writing'), is a scribal or typographical error where a letter or group of letters that should be written twice is written once. It is not to be confused with haplology, where a phoneme is omitted to prevent two similar sounds from occurring consecutively: the former is a textual error, while the latter is a phonological process.

evaluating method for checking stories' historicity

statement formulated by more than 200 evangelical leaders in October 1978

hypothetical gospel account of the life of Jesus Christ which some scholars have suggested could have been a primary source document for the Gospel of John

solution to the synoptic problem that Mark was written first, that Matthew used Mark, and that Luke used Mark and Matthew

way of interpreting the Bible that focuses on the text of the biblical canon itself as a finished product

set of commandments found in Exodus 34:11–26; according to scholars the original reference of Exodus 34:28 (“[Moses] wrote upon the tables the words of the covenant, the ten words”), instead of the (ethical) Decalogue of Exod. 20

The Heptateuch (seven containers) is a name sometimes given to the first seven books of the Hebrew Bible. The seven books are Genesis, Exodus, Leviticus, Numbers, Deuteronomy, Joshua and Judges. The first four of these are sometimes called the Tetrateuch, the first five are commonly known as the Torah or the Pentateuch, the first six as the Hexateuch. With the addition of the Book of Ruth, these eight books are known as the Octateuch. The "Enneateuch" is the Heptateuch plus the Books of Samuel and the Books of Kings (each pair of books counted as one, and not including the Book of Ruth).

essay by Bart D. Ehrman

analysis of the manuscripts of the New Testament

hypothesis is that the Gospel of Matthew was written before the Gospel of Luke, and that both were written earlier than the Gospel of Mark; proposed solution to the Synoptic Problem

principle of higher biblical criticism

belief that the Christian New Testament was originally written in Aramaic

any English-language translation of the Bible

19th century movement that denied authentic authorship of the Pauline epistles

Dissertation by Isaac Newton