Biochemical separation processes

thumb|300px|1. Illustration of electrophoresis thumb|300px|2. Illustration of electrophoresis retardation

removal of nitrogenous waste and toxins from the body in place of or to augment the kidney

thumb|upright=1.15|A laboratory tabletop centrifuge. The rotating unit, called the rotor, has fixed holes drilled at an angle (to the vertical), visible inside the smooth silver rim. Sample tubes are placed in these slots and the motor is spun. As the centrifugal force is in the horizontal plane and the tubes are fixed at an angle, the particles have to travel only a short distance before they hit the wall of the tube and then slide down to the bottom. These angle rotors are very popular in the lab for routine use.

biochemical laboratory technique

Microfiltration is a type of physical filtration process where a contaminated fluid is passed through a special pore-sized membrane filter to separate microorganisms and suspended particles from process liquid. It is commonly used in conjunction with various other separation processes such as ultrafiltration and reverse osmosis to provide a product stream which is free of undesired contaminants.

biochemical method

isolation of DNA

type of size exclusion chromatography (SEC)

Immunoprecipitation (IP) is the technique of precipitating a protein antigen out of solution using an antibody that specifically binds to that particular protein. This process can be used to isolate and concentrate a particular protein from a sample containing many thousands of different proteins. Immunoprecipitation requires that the antibody be coupled to a solid substrate at some point in the procedure.

laboratory technique

thumb|right|200px|A simple gravity flow column for Ni2+-affinity chromatography. The sample and subsequent buffers are manually poured into the column and collected at the bottom end after flowing through the resin bed (in light blue at the base of the column).

artificial peptide attached to protein for marking purpose

cell components

filtration technique

set of molecular biology methods used to analyze the spatial organization of chromatin in a cell

FLAG-tag, or FLAG octapeptide, or FLAG epitope, is a peptide protein tag that can be added to a protein using recombinant DNA technology, having the sequence DYKDDDDK (where D=aspartic acid, Y=tyrosine, and K=lysine). It is one of the most specific tags and it is an artificial antigen to which specific, high affinity monoclonal antibodies have been developed and hence can be used for protein purification by affinity chromatography and also can be used for locating proteins within living cells. FLAG-tag has been used to separate recombinant, overexpressed protein from wild-type protein expresse

purification of RNA from biological samples