Blackface minstrelsy

right|thumbnail|280px|This reproduction of a 1900 William H. West (entertainer)|William H. West [[minstrel show poster, originally published by the Strobridge Lithographing Company, shows the transformation from a person of European descent to a caricature of a dark-skinned person of African descent.]]

blackface performance

thumb|George Walker (vaudeville)|George Walker, [[Aida Overton Walker, and Bert Williams link arms and dance the cakewalk in the first Broadway musical to be written and performed by African Americans, In Dahomey.]] thumbnail|right|Painting from 1913 thumbnail|right|1915 sheet music cover (late for cakewalk music): "Ebony Echoes: A Good Old-Fashioned Cake-Walk" by Dan Walker. New York, NY: Shapiro, Bernstein & Co.

original song written and composed by Irving Berlin; from the 1930 film "Puttin' On the Ritz"

1936 film by James Whale

1982 single by Culture Club