Buffer solutions

aqueous solution consisting of a mixture of a weak acid and its conjugate base, which resists (to a limited degree) pH change when a strong acid or base is added

Tris, or tris(hydroxymethyl)aminomethane, or known during medical use as tromethamine or THAM, is an organic compound with the formula (HOCH2)3CNH2. It is extensively used in biochemistry and molecular biology as a component of buffer solutions such as in TAE and TBE buffers, especially for solutions of nucleic acids. It contains a primary amine and thus undergoes the reactions associated with typical amines, e.g., condensations with aldehydes. Tris also complexes with metal ions in solution. In medicine, tris (known as tromethamine) is occasionally used as a drug, given in intensive care for

electrolyte solution for use in healthcare

HEPES (4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid) is a zwitterionic sulfonic acid buffering agent. It is one of the twenty Good's buffers. HEPES is widely used in cell culture, largely because it is better at maintaining physiological pH despite changes in carbon dioxide concentration (produced by aerobic respiration) when compared to bicarbonate buffers, which are also commonly used in cell culture. Lepe-Zuniga et al. reported an unwanted photochemical process wherein HEPES catalyzes a reaction with riboflavin when exposed to ambient light to produce hydrogen peroxide. This is not a

buffer solution commonly used in biological research

Tricine is an organic compound that is used in buffer solutions. The name tricine comes from tris and glycine, from which it was derived. It is a white crystalline powder that is moderately soluble in water. It is a zwitterionic amino acid that has a pKa1 value of 2.3 at 25 °C, while its pKa2 at 20 °C is 8.15. Its useful buffering range of pH is 7.4-8.8. Along with bicine, it is one of Good's buffering agents. Good first prepared tricine to buffer chloroplast reactions.

Bicine is an organic compound used as a buffering agent. It is one of Good's buffers and has a pKa of 8.35 at 20 °C. It is prepared by the reaction of glycine with ethylene oxide, followed by hydrolysis of the resultant lactone.

MOPS ('3-(N-morpholino)propanesulfonic acid') is a buffer introduced in the 1960s, one of the twenty Good's buffers. It is a structural analog to MES, and like MES, its structure contains a morpholine ring. HEPES is a similar pH buffering compound that contains a piperazine ring. With a pKa of 7.20, MOPS is an excellent buffer for many biological systems at near-neutral pH.

chemical compound

chemical compound

chemical compound

buffer solution

buffer solution containing a mixture of Tris base, boric acid and EDTA

chemical compound

Buffer solution

chemical compound

chemical compound

buffering agents for biochemical and biological research

TAPSO is used to make buffer solutions. It has a pKa value of 7.635 (I=0, 25°C). It can be used to make buffer solutions in the pH range 7.0-8.2.

chemical compound

PIPES ('piperazine-N,N-bis(2-ethanesulfonic acid)') is a frequently used buffering agent in biochemistry. It is an ethanesulfonic acid buffer developed by Good et al. in the 1960s.

chemical compound

chemical compound

buffer solution used in molecular biology