Caliciales

The Physciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. A 2016 estimate placed 19 genera and 601 species in the family.

Anaptychia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. Anaptychia species are foliose (leafy) to fruticose (bushy) lichens. They have brown, thin-walled spores with a single septum, and a upper .

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The Caliciaceae are a family of mostly lichen-forming fungi belonging to the class Lecanoromycetes in the division Ascomycota. Although the family has had its classification changed several times throughout its taxonomic history, the use of modern molecular phylogenetic methods has helped to establish its current placement in the order Caliciales. Caliciaceae contains 39 genera and about 670 species. The largest genus is Buellia, with around 300 species; there are more than a dozen genera that contain only a single species.

Heterodermia is a genus of foliose lichens in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 70 species. Heterodermia was historically confused with the related genus Anaptychia, but was distinguished in 1965 based on differences in spore structure and chemical composition. These lichens can be identified in the field using simple chemical spot tests that produce distinctive colour changes when applied to the thallus. The lichens in this genus are small- to medium-sized, usually pale grey in colour, comprising narrow lobes wi

Physconia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. It comprises 13 species. The genus was established in 1965 by the lichenologist Josef Poelt and is characterized by leaf-like growth forms with typically less than 3 mm wide that often have a whitish, powdery coating on their tips. These lichens can be distinguished from similar genera by their distinctive brown ascospores that have thick walls, fine warts, and a single dividing wall but lack the end thickenings found in related groups.

Rinodina is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains about 265 species. It is hypothesized that a few saxicolous species common to dry regions of western North America, southern Europe, North Africa and central Asia may date back 240 million years to the Middle Triassic.

Diplotomma is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains 14 species. These lichens form firmly attached, crust-like patches that range from pale to dark grey and can appear smooth or cracked into an irregular mosaic pattern on their substrate. They produce black, disc-shaped fruiting bodies that start buried in the crust and later emerge to sit roughly flush with the surface, often dusted with a greyish-white powder.

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Phaeophyscia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. These lichens typically appear as leaf-like (foliose) growths that spread across tree bark, rocks, or other surfaces, usually in well-lit, nutrient-rich environments. Their structure consists of short or long that range in colour from pale grey to dark brown, becoming dark green when wet, and they often have dark undersides with root-like attachments (rhizines). The genus is distinguished from its relatives by its unique chemical composition and reproductive features, lacking a substance called atranorin and producing e

Hyperphyscia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. These lichens form tightly attached, leaf-like crusts that spread outward in rosettes, with individual radiating in shallow, overlapping tiers that are seldom more than a millimetre or two wide and range in colour from pale brownish-grey to dark brown. They reproduce through brown, disc-shaped fruiting bodies that sit directly on the upper surface and contain thick-walled brown ascospores divided by a single cross-wall, typical of many members of their family.

Physciella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae. Circumscribed by the lichenologist Ted Esslinger in 1986, it is distinguished from the similar genera Physcia and Phaeophyscia by its (comprising long, narrow, wavy, parallel hyphae) lower cortex, the lack of the secondary metabolite (lichen product) atranorin in the upper cortex, and short, ellipsoid-shaped conidia.

Dirinaria is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 35 species.

Diploicia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in temperate regions, and contains seven species. These lichens form small, tightly attached rosettes with a distinctive pale grey-green colour and a fine, powdery coating that becomes more noticeable when dry. They reproduce through tiny black, pin-prick fruiting bodies that emerge from the crust surface and through powdery outgrowths that can break off and spread the lichen to new locations.

Australiaena is a fungal genus in the family Caliciaceae. It is a monospecific genus, containing the single species Australiaena streimannii, a crustose lichen. It occurs in northern Australia and Papua New Guinea, where it grows on silica-rich rocks. The genus was proposed in 1997 and named to reflect both its Australasian distribution and its superficial resemblance to the genus Dimelaena. The lichen forms variable-coloured crusts, ranging from whitish to grey, ochre or brown, with margins that often show distinctive radiating folds. It is distinguished from similar genera by its thread-like

Dimelaena is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. Members of the genus are commonly called mountain lichens, or moonglow lichens. They are placodioid crustose lichens, ranging in form from rimose to areolate. The genus has a widespread distribution and contains eight species.

Caliciales is an order of mostly lichenized fungi in the class Lecanoromycetes. It consists of two families: Caliciaceae and Physciaceae, which together contain 54 genera and more than 1200 species. The order was circumscribed by American botanist Charles Edwin Bessey in 1907.

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Thelomma is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus is widely distributed and contains seven species. Thelomma was circumscribed by Italian lichenologist Abramo Bartolommeo Massalongo in 1860.

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species of fungus

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Rinodinella is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae.

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species of fungus

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species of fungus

Cyphelium is a genus of crustose areolate lichens with cup-like apothecia filled with sooty black spores. The genus is in the family Caliciaceae . The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in north and south temperate regions, and contains about 12 species. Members of the genus are commonly called soot lichens.

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Tetramelas is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus is distinguished by its distinctive spores, which are divided into four compartments and turn brown as they mature, giving rise to the name Tetramelas from the Greek words for 'four' and 'dark'. These lichens typically form greyish crusts on rocks, bark, or other surfaces, with small black disc-shaped fruiting bodies that contain the characteristic four-chambered spores.

Tholurna is a fungal genus in the family Caliciaceae. The genus is monotypic, containing the single species Tholurna dissimilis. Long thought to be confined to Scandinavia, it has since been recorded in western North America, where a 1983 survey documented 47 localities from coastal British Columbia to Oregon and as far north-east as the Yukon and Northwest Territories.

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species of fungus

species of fungus

species of fungus

species of fungus

species of fungus

species of fungus

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Culbersonia is a fungal genus in the family Caliciaceae. This is a monotypic genus, containing the single foliose lichen Culbersonia nubila (formerly called Culbersonia americana). This species, which grows on trees and rocks, is found in dry subtropical regions of the world, particularly in Africa and Central America.

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Endohyalina is a genus of 10 species of corticolous (bark-dwelling) crustose lichens in the family Caliciaceae. These lichens either form thin, tightly attached crusts on tree bark or live as parasites on other lichens, sometimes becoming so reduced that they are nearly invisible to the naked eye. They produce small, black, disc-shaped fruiting bodies that begin buried in the crust and later emerge flush with the surface, containing spores that are divided once by a cross-wall and darken to brown as they mature.

Mobergia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Physciaceae.

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Baculifera is a genus of lichens in the family Caliciaceae. It was circumscribed in 2000 by Bernhard Marbach and Klaus Kalb. Species in this genus are characterized by having bacilliform conidia typically measuring 8–11 μm long, and a non- hymenium. The genus is roughly similar in morphology to Buellia.

Stigmatochroma is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, and contains 9 species.

Monerolechia is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. These lichens form crusty patches that break into small blocks or flakes, typically coloured chocolate to grey-brown, and produce black fruiting bodies for reproduction. Most species in this genus start life as parasites on other lichens before developing their own independent growth, which helps distinguish them from similar-looking lichen groups.

Acroscyphus is a fungal genus in the family Caliciaceae. This is a monospecific genus, containing the single fruticose lichen species Acroscyphus sphaerophoroides. It is found in various locations in the cordilleras of western North America, including Mexico and British Columbia, as well as high-elevation, exposed regions of Asia (China, Japan), South Africa, Peru, and Patagonia. Commonly known as '''crab's eye lichen''', it forms distinctive cushion-like growths with finger-shaped branches and has a yellow to orange interior. The species typically grows on exposed rocks or dead wood in harsh,

Santessonia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus was circumscribed in 1978 by lichenologists Mason Hale and Gernot Vobis, with Santessonia namibensis assigned as the type species, and at that time, only species. This species, endemic to the Namib Desert, has deep depressions (lacunae) in the thallus, which are interpreted as an adaptation to take advantage of the infrequent moisture provided by fog. The genus name honours Norwegian lichenologist Rolf Santesson.

Hypoflavia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus in found in South America, especially in tropical regions, and contains two species.

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species of fungus

Dermatiscum is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus contains two species found in South Africa and North America.

Texosporium is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae. It is a monotypic genus, containing the single species Texosporium sancti-jacobi, found in the United States. The genus is characterized by microscopic features: the ascospores are coated with a layer of cells that are derived from the paraphyses. Texosporium was originally circumscribed by Josef Nádvorník in 1942, albeit the name was not validly published. In 1968, Leif Tibell and Angelica van Hofsten published the name validly. In 2020, Texosporium sancti-jacobi was added to the global IUCN Red List, where it is classified

Cratiria is a genus of lichen-forming fungi in the family Caliciaceae. The genus has a widespread distribution, especially in tropical regions, and contains about 20 species. The genus was circumscribed by Austrian lichenologist Bernhard Marbach in 2000, with Cratiria lauri-cassiae assigned as the type species.

Gassicurtia is a genus of lichenized fungi in the family Caliciaceae.

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species of fungus