Carbamate insecticides

Carbofuran is a carbamate insecticide, banned in the US, the EU and Canada but still widely used in South America, Australia and Asia. It is a systemic insecticide, which means that the plant absorbs it through the roots, and from there the plant distributes it throughout its organs where insecticidal concentrations are attained. Carbofuran also has contact activity against pests. It is one of the most toxic pesticides still in use.

thumb|right|Spraying carbaryl on pine trees Carbaryl (1-naphthyl methylcarbamate) is an organic compound with the formula . Classified as a carbamate, it is used chiefly as an insecticide. It is a white solid was under the brand name Sevin, which was a trademark of the Bayer Company. ==Production== Carbaryl is often inexpensively produced by direct reaction of methyl isocyanate with 1-naphthol. C10H7OH + CH3NCO → C10H7OC(O)NHCH3

Aldicarb is a carbamate insecticide which is the active substance in the pesticide Temik. It is effective against thrips, aphids, spider mites, lygus, fleahoppers, and leafminers, but is primarily used as a nematicide. Aldicarb is a cholinesterase inhibitor which prevents the breakdown of acetylcholine in the synapse. Aldicarb is considered "extremely hazardous" by the EPA and World Health Organization and has been banned in more than 100 countries. In case of severe poisoning, the victim dies of respiratory failure.

Propoxur is a carbamate, non-systemic, synthetic insecticide, produced from catechol, and was introduced in 1959 by Bayer.

Methomyl is a carbamate insecticide introduced in 1966. It is highly toxic to humans, livestock, pets, and wildlife. The EU imposed a pesticide residue limit of 0,01 mg/kg for all fruit and vegetables.

Fenoxycarb is an insect growth regulator. It has a low toxicity for bees, birds, and humans, but is toxic to fish. The oral LD50 for rats is greater than .

Pirimicarb is a selective carbamate insecticide used to control aphids on vegetable, cereal and orchard crops by inhibiting acetylcholinesterase activity but does not affect useful predators such as ladybirds that eat them. It was originally developed by Imperial Chemical Industries Ltd., now Syngenta, at their Jealott's Hill site and first marketed in 1969, four years after its discovery.

Bendiocarb is an acutely toxic carbamate insecticide used in public health and agriculture and is effective against a wide range of nuisance and disease vector insects. Many bendiocarb products are or were sold under the tradenames "Ficam" and "Turcam."

Fenobucarb is a carbamate insecticide, also widely known as BPMC. A pale yellow or pale red liquid, insoluble in water; used as an agricultural insecticide, especially for control of Hemipteran pests, on rice and cotton and moderately toxic for humans.

Methiocarb is a carbamate pesticide (an acetylcholinesterase inhibitor) which is used as an insecticide, bird repellent, acaricide and molluscicide since the 1960s. Methiocarb has contact and stomach action on mites and neurotoxic effects on molluscs. Seeds treated with methiocarb also affect birds. Other names for methiocarb are mesurol and mercaptodimethur.

Carbosulfan is an organic compound adherent to the carbamate class. At normal conditions, it is brown viscous liquid. It is not very stable; it decomposes slowly at room temperature. Its solubility in water is low but it is miscible with xylene, hexane, chloroform, dichloromethane, methanol and acetone. Carbosulfan is used as an insecticide. The European Union banned use of carbosulfan in 2007.

Oxamyl is a chemical used as a pesticide that comes in two forms: granulated and liquid. The granulated form has been banned in the United States. It is commonly sold under the trade name Vydate.

Animocarb (Matacil) is an organic chemical compound with the molecular formula C11H16N2O2. It has a colorless or white crystal-like appearance and is most commonly used as an insecticide.

Thiofanox is a chemical compound used in acaricides and insecticides.

Promecarb (chemical formula: C12H17NO2) is a chemical compound previously used as an insecticide.

Ethiofencarb is a carbamate insecticide which is useful in controlling aphids on hard and soft fruits and some vegetables. It is not as dangerous as organophosphorous pesticides, but is considered highly toxic to humans in the UK, moderately toxic under US EPA classification, and highly toxic to aquatic life.

Metolcarb (chemical formula: C9H11NO2) is a chemical compound used as an acaricide and an insecticide.

Mexacarbate is a carbamate pesticide developed by Alexander Shulgin and marketed in 1961 by Dow Chemical Company under the trade name Zectran. As of 2009, Mexacarbate is considered obsolete or discontinued, according to the World Health Organization. It is notable for being the first biodegradable pesticide. thumb|left|Canister of mexacarbate (Zectran) thumb|Mexacarbate being sprayed by helicopter.

Formetanate is an insecticide and acaricide. It is used on alfalfa grown for seed and on some fruits, including citrus, pome, and stone fruits.

Butocarboxim is a carbamate insecticide. It is a structural isomer of aldicarb.

Dimetilan (chemical formula: C10H16N4O3) is a carbamate insecticide.