Carbonari

English Romantic poet and lyricist (1788–1824)

Italian general, patriot and republican (1807–1882)

Italian nationalist activist, politician, journalist and philosopher

French general and politician (1757–1834)

French socialist and political activist (1805-1881)

The Carbonari () was an informal network of secret revolutionary societies active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831. The Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in France, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, the Ottoman Empire, and Russia. Although their goals often had a patriotic and liberal basis, they lacked a clear immediate political agenda. They were a focus for those unhappy with the repressive political situation in Italy following 1815, especially in the south of the Italian peninsula. Members of the Carbonari, and those influenced by them, took part in importan

Italian writer and poet

Italian political association founded by Giuseppe Mazzini

Italian poet and scholar who emigrated to England

Italian revolutionist (1785-1846)

Italian patriot (1798-1831)

Italian cardinal (1758-1842)

French economist and socialist

short story by Stendhal

French politician (1800-1879)

Angelo Brunetti ( – ), better known as Ciceruacchio, was a Roman popular leader who participated in the Roman Republic of 1849. Born in the Campo Marzio district of Rome, he owned a small carting business and became involved with the movement for the political unification of Italy. Having risen to a prominent position in Roman politics after the accession of Pope Pius IX, he supported the overthrow of the pope's government and the proclamation of the Republic. After the Republic's defeat by the French, Brunetti was captured and executed by the army of the Austrian Empire.

papal bull concerning Freemasons

book by Carbonari

Italian lawyer (1793–1858)