Cement

thumb|Cement powder in a bag, ready to be mixed with aggregates and water. thumb|right|Cement block construction examples from the Multiplex Manufacturing Company of Toledo, Ohio, in 1905

chemical compound

workable paste used to bind building blocks

binder used as basic ingredient of concrete

thumbnail|upright=1.3|Natural pozzolana (volcanic ash) deposits situated in Southern California in the United States

thumb|PVC, used extensively in sewage pipes, is only useful because of plasticizers.|right A plasticizer (UK: plasticiser) is a substance that is added to a material to make it softer and more flexible, to increase its plasticity, to decrease its viscosity, and/or to decrease friction during its handling in manufacture.

Brucite is the mineral form of magnesium hydroxide, with the chemical formula Mg(OH)2. It is a common alteration product of periclase in marble; a low-temperature hydrothermal vein mineral in metamorphosed limestones and chlorite schists; and formed during serpentinization of dunites. Brucite is often found in association with serpentine, calcite, aragonite, dolomite, magnesite, hydromagnesite, artinite, talc and chrysotile.

residue of coal combustion

main component of Portland cement (CEM I)

building material

Ettringite is a hydrous calcium aluminium sulfate mineral with formula: . It is a colorless to yellow mineral crystallizing in the trigonal system. The prismatic crystals are typically colorless, turning white on partial dehydration. It is part of the ettringite-group which includes other sulfates such as thaumasite and bentorite.

thumb|Using a rubber grout float to smooth grout between tiles

French engineer who invented artificial cement

thumb|SEM image of a geopolymer granule prepared from metakaolin by alkaline activation to be further used as a sorbent. A geopolymer is an inorganic, often ceramic-like material, that forms a stable, covalently bonded, non-crystalline to semi-crystalline network through the reaction of aluminosilicate materials with an alkaline or acidic solution. Many geopolymers may also be classified as alkali-activated cements or acid-activated binders. They are mainly produced by a chemical reaction between a chemically reactive aluminosilicate powder e.g. metakaolin or other clay-derived powders, natura

Afwillite is a calcium hydroxide nesosilicate mineral with formula Ca3(SiO3OH)2·2H2O. It occurs as glassy, colorless to white prismatic monoclinic crystals. Its Mohs scale hardness is between 3 and 4. It occurs as an alteration mineral in contact metamorphism of limestone. It occurs in association with apophyllite, natrolite, thaumasite, merwinite, spurrite, gehlenite, ettringite, portlandite, hillebrandite, foshagite, brucite and calcite.

Portlandite is a hydroxide-bearing mineral typically included in the oxide mineral class. It is the naturally occurring form of calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) and the calcium analogue of brucite (Mg(OH)2).

material

thumb|Eternit roofing. Eternit is a registered trademark for a brand of fibre cement currently owned by the Belgian company Etex. Fibre is often applied in building and construction materials, mainly in roofing and facade products.

Tobermorite is a calcium silicate hydrate mineral with chemical formula: Ca5Si6O16(OH)2·4H2O or Ca5Si6(O,OH)18·5H2O.

Thaumasite is a calcium silicate mineral, containing Si atoms in unusual octahedral configuration, with chemical formula Ca3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O, also sometimes more simply written as CaSiO3·CaCO3·CaSO4·15H2O.

hygroscopic chemical compound of variable Na2O/SiO2 ratio precursor of waterglass

paint coats with mineral binding agents

Gyrolite, NaCa16(Si23Al)O60(OH)8·14H2O, is a rare silicate mineral (basic sodium calcium silicate hydrate: N-C-S-H, in cement chemist notation) belonging to the class of phyllosilicates. Gyrolite is also often associated with zeolites. It is most commonly found as spherical or radial formations in hydrothermally altered basalt and basaltic tuffs. These formations can be glassy, dull or fibrous in appearance.

determination of the softening point for materials that have no definite melting point

Expansive chemical reaction damaging concrete

fast setting hydraulic cement

"natural cement" made by burning septaria

husk of rice grains

Handmade decorative sand-and-cement inlay tiles used for floors and walls

main parameter determining concrete strength and durability

thumb|Mulberry harbour remains at [[Arromanches]] thumb|Lambot's original 1848 bateau in the Brignoles Museum in France. thumb|Ferrocement hull under construction thumb|A particularly fair ferrocement vessel, the staysail schooner "Rich Harvest"

chemical compound

'''Ye'elimite''' is the naturally occurring form of anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate, . It gets its name from Har Ye'elim in Israel in the Hatrurim Basin west of the Dead Sea where it was first found in nature by Shulamit Gross, an Israeli mineralogist and geologist who studied the Hatrurim Formation.

Chlormayenite (after Mayen, Germany), Ca12Al14O32[☐4Cl2], is a rare calcium aluminium oxide mineral of cubic symmetry.

Jennite is a calcium silicate hydrate mineral of general chemical formula: Ca9Si6O18(OH)6·8H2O.

White Portland cement

damages inflicted to concrete by various harmful physical phenomena and chemical or biological processes

Magnesium-based cement: 1 MgCl2 for 3 Mg(OH)2

Superplasticizers (SPs), also known as high-range water reducers (HRWRs), are additives used for making high-strength concrete or to place self-compacting concrete. Plasticizers are chemical compounds enabling the production of concrete with approximately 15% less water content. Superplasticizers allow reduction in water content by 30% or more. These additives are employed at the level of a few weight percent. Plasticizers and superplasticizers also retard the setting and hardening of concrete.

Hydrogrossular is a calcium aluminium garnet series (formula: Ca3Al2(SiO4)3−x(OH)4x, with hydroxide (OH) partially replacing silica (SiO4)). The endmembers of the hydrogarnet family (grossular, hibschite, and katoite) depend on the degree of substitution (x):

Granular slag by-product of iron and steel-making used as supplementary cementitious material

backing board used in building construction

Alite is an impure form of tricalcium silicate, , sometimes formulated as ( in cement chemist notation), typically with 3-4% of substituent oxides. It is the major, and characteristic, phase in Portland cement. The name was given by Alfred Elis Törnebohm in 1897 to a crystal identified in microscopic investigation of Portland cement. Hatrurite is the name of a mineral that is substituted .

thumb|right|Pozzolana from Mount Vesuvius volcano, Italy Pozzolana or pozzuolana ( , ), also known as pozzolanic ash (), is a natural siliceous or siliceous-aluminous material that reacts with calcium hydroxide in the presence of water at room temperature (cf. pozzolanic reaction). In this reaction insoluble calcium silicate hydrate and calcium aluminate hydrate compounds are formed possessing cementitious properties. The designation pozzolana is derived from one of the primary deposits of volcanic ash used by the Romans in Italy, at Pozzuoli. The modern definition of pozzolana encompasses any

chemical compound

Belite is an industrial mineral important in Portland cement manufacture. Its main constituent is dicalcium silicate, Ca2SiO4, sometimes formulated as 2 CaO · SiO2 (C2S in cement chemist notation).

Tacharanite is a calcium aluminium silicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) mineral of general chemical formula with some resemblance to the calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) mineral tobermorite. It is often found in mineral assemblage with zeolites and other hydrated calcium silicates.

chemical compound

3CaO·Al2O3, one of the 4 mineral phases of the Portland clinker

Metakaolin is the anhydrous calcined form of the clay mineral kaolinite. Rocks that are rich in kaolinite are known as china clay or kaolin, traditionally used in the manufacture of porcelain. The particle size of metakaolin is smaller than cement particles, but not as fine as silica fume.

Test used in analytical chemistry

Calcium chloroaluminate formed by reaction of AFm hydrates with chloride ions

Salt-concrete (or salzbeton) is a building material that is used to reduce the water inflow in mining shafts in salt mines. It is composed of 16% cement, 39% halite, 16% limestone powder, 14% water and 15% sand.

high temperature rotating oven used for producing clinker