Coastal geography

thumb|Bay at Castletown, Isle of Man thumb|Bay of Baracoa, Cuba

thumb|Sunrise on the [[Jersey Shore coastline at Spring Lake, New Jersey, U.S.]] thumb|Rugged coastline of the West Coast, New Zealand|West Coast Region of New Zealand A view of the plain near Dikili in Turkey|thumb thumb|Southeast coast of Greenland thumb|Escorca coast, [[Serra de Tramuntana (Balearic Islands)]]

landform that is formed at the mouth of a river

surface waves that occur on the free surface of bodies of water

thumb|Río de la Plata estuary thumb|Mattole River estuary

400px|thumbnail|The Maspalomas Dunes of [[Gran Canaria, Canary Islands, Spain]]

thumb|The White Cliffs of Dover upright|thumb|The Trango Towers in Pakistan. Their vertical faces are the world's tallest cliffs. Trango Tower center; Trango Monk center left; Trango II far left; Great Trango right. upright|thumb|Europe's highest cliff, Troll Wall in Norway, a famous [[BASE jumping location for jumpers from around the world.]]

portion of a continent that is submerged under an area of relatively shallow water known as a shelf sea

thumb|upright=1.3|right|Annual mean sea surface salinity for the World Ocean. Data from the [[World Ocean Atlas 2009.]] thumb|upright|right|International Association for the Physical Sciences of the Oceans (IAPSO) standard seawater. Salinity () is the saltiness or amount of salt dissolved in a body of water, called saline water (see also soil salinity). It is usually measured in g/L or g/kg (grams of salt per liter/kilogram of water; the latter is dimensionless and equal to ‰).

thumb|Coral reef at Nusa Lembongan, Bali, Indonesia thumb|Pamalican island with surrounding reef, [[Sulu Sea, Philippines]] thumb|A reef surrounding an islet thumb|Reefs off Vanatinai|Vanatinai Island in the [[Louisiade Archipelago]]

water with salinity between freshwater and saline water

current long-term trend for global sea levels to rise mainly in response to climate change

part of a sea, lake or river that is close to the shore

thumb|Rockall, an islet located west of Ireland and Scotland thumb|Bàngchuí Island in Dalian, [[Liaoning, China, is a typical rock islet]] right|thumb|Mōkōlea Rock in Kailua Bay, [[O‘ahu, off North Beach, Marine Corps Base Hawaii]]

right|thumb|Sandbar between St. Agnes, Isles of Scilly|St Agnes and [[Gugh on the Isles of Scilly, off the coast of Cornwall, England, United Kingdom]] thumb|A tidal sandbar connecting the islands of Waya Island|Waya and Wayasewa of the [[Yasawa Islands, Fiji]] thumb|Sandbar between Nosy Iranja Be and Nosy Iranja Kely(Nosy Iranja, [[Madagascar)]]

REDIRECT Bay#Gulf

geological landform consisting of a steep and often vertical column or columns of rock

geologic event

type of coastal ecosystem, land outside the dikes that is not flooded with seawater with average high tide

thumb|right|300px|Tombolo near Karystos, [[Euboea, Greece]] thumb|300px|right|Tombolo contrasted with other coastal landforms A tombolo is a sandy or shingle isthmus. It is a deposition landform by which an island becomes attached to the mainland by a narrow piece of land such as a spit or bar. Once attached, the island is then known as a tied island. The word tombolo is from the Italian '''', meaning 'pillow' or 'cushion', and sometimes translated incorrectly as ayre (an ayre is a shingle beach of any kind).

natural rock formation where a rock arch forms

coastal marsh, marsh subject to tidal change in water

area between tide marks

zone of the ocean floor that separates the thin oceanic crust from thick continental crust

defense against flooding and erosion

counterintuitive observation that the coastline of a landmass does not have a well-defined length

coastal landform and a type of dune system

geological process of areas of submerged seafloor being exposed above the sea level

study of the region between the sea and the land

rocky pool on seashore, separated as pool at low tide, filled with seawater

loss or displacement of land along a coastline

geological process by which sediments move along a beach shore

geological phenomenon, holes in coastal rock formations through which sea water is forced by the tide or waves.

thumb|Land's End, England A headland, also known as a head, is a coastal landform, a point of land usually high and often with a sheer drop, that extends into a body of water. It is a type of promontory. A headland of considerable size often is called a cape. Headlands are characterised by high, breaking waves, rocky shores, intense erosion, and steep sea cliff.

movement of saline water into freshwater aquifers

thumb|The machair on Berneray, North Uist|Berneray, [[Outer Hebrides]] thumb|Machair east of Uig,_Lewis|Uig Bay, Lewis thumb|The machair towards West beach, Isle of Berneray, Outer Hebrides

narrow flat area often found at the base of a sea cliff or along the shoreline of a lake, bay, or sea that was created by erosion

flow of water influenced by gravity as the water moves downhill to reduce its potential energy

especially in Europe, a beach composed of pebbles and cobbles

the length of water over which a given wind has blown

thumb|upright=1.2|Rauks (wikt:rauk#Gutnish|rauks) at [[Fårö Island, east of mainland Sweden]]

area above the spring high tide line that is regularly splashed, but not submerged by ocean water

environmental managment system

effect by which surface waves entering shallower water change in wave height

Wikimedia list article

thumb|Beachrock along Réunion island seashore thumb|Detail showing fragments of coral and shells Beachrock is a friable to well-cemented sedimentary rock that consists of a variable mixture of gravel-, sand-, and silt-sized sediment that is cemented with carbonate minerals and has formed along a shoreline. Depending on location, the sediment that is cemented to form beachrock can consist of a variable mixture of shells, coral fragments, rock fragments of different types, and other materials. It can also contain scattered artifacts, pieces of wood, and coconuts. Beachrock typically forms within

model of early human migration

Wikipedia list of recursive islands and lakes

beach or wave-cut platform raised above the shoreline by a relative fall in the sea level

limits of the Earth's oceanic waters

rapid abandonment of a river channel and formation of a new channel

marsh with brackish levels of salinity

type of flood

nearshore zone where wave water comes onto the shore

thumb|upright=1.25|Swash

area where land meets the sea

type of marsh

small beach between two headlands

inshore channel or strait dividing offshore islands from the mainland, often one that is constantly eroded by currents

changes to a shoreline by accretion and erosion