Composite materials

thumb|A single concrete block, as used for construction

thumb|300px|Softwood plywood made from [[spruce]] thumb|300px|The principle of making plywood

material made from a combination of two or more unlike substances

material consisting of numerous extremely fine fibers of glass

Bakelite ( ), formally '''''', is a thermosetting phenol formaldehyde resin, formed from a condensation reaction of phenol with formaldehyde. The first plastic made from synthetic components, it was developed by Belgian chemist Leo Baekeland in Yonkers, New York, in 1907, and patented on December 7, 1909.

thumb|Linoleum from around 1950 thumb|Application of liquid linoleum.

thumb|right|Intricate parquet flooring in entry hall thumb|right|Parquet flooring, 18th century

thumb|Various sized cuts of drywall with tools for maintenance and installation

Bimetal refers to an object that is composed of two separate metals joined together. Instead of being a mixture of two or more metals, like alloys, bimetallic objects consist of layers of different metals. Trimetal and tetrametal refer to objects composed of three and four separate metals respectively. A bimetal bar is usually made of brass and iron.

Fiberglass (American English) or fibreglass (Commonwealth English) is a common type of fiber-reinforced plastic using glass fiber. The fibers may be randomly arranged, flattened into a sheet called a chopped strand mat, or woven into glass cloth. The plastic matrix may be a thermoset polymer matrix—most often based on thermosetting polymers such as epoxy, polyester resin, or vinyl ester resin—or a thermoplastic.

engineered wood product

pressed wood board

engineered wood particle board

thumb|A slab of pykrete thumb|Pykrete is made of 14% sawdust and 86% water by mass.

composite materials made of wood fiber and thermoplastics

extremely strong and light fiber-reinforced polymer

composite material made of a polymer matrix reinforced with fibres

inert material with sufficient compressive strength and appropriate size distribution added as load to a composite

made of timber laminates glued to one another under controlled conditions

A cermet is a composite material composed of ceramic and metal materials.

thumb|Simulated flight (using image stack created by Industrial CT scanning|μCT scanning) through the length of a knitting needle that consists of laminated wooden layers: the layers can be differentiated by the change of direction of the wood's vessels thumb|Shattered windshield lamination keeps shards in place thumb|Laminate flooring thumb|A flexible thin-film solar cell for aerospace use (2007)

fiber-reinforced composite material from concrete and fibers

range of derivative wood products

paper which has been coated by a compound or polymer

type of vehicle armor

Duroplast is a composite thermosetting resin plastic developed by engineer Wolfgang Barthel in 1953 in the German Democratic Republic. Its production method places it in a similar family as Formica and Bakelite. It is reinforced with fibers (typically waste fabrics from the garment industry) making it a fiber-reinforced plastic similar to fiberglass.

special class of composite materials; fabricated by attaching two thin but stiff skins to a lightweight but thick core

wood panel product made from solid-sawn lumber

structural fibres spun from melted basalt

thumb|right|Construction block made from hempcrete thumb|Illustration of hemp concrete carbon emission and sequestration, with a net emissions balance indicating carbon negativity

type of manufactured floor covering

FR-2 (Flame Resistant 2) is a NEMA designation for synthetic resin bonded paper, a composite material made of paper impregnated with a plasticized phenol formaldehyde resin, used in the manufacture of printed circuit boards. Its main properties are similar to NEMA grade XXXP (MIL-P-3115) material, and can be substituted for the latter in many applications.

material

thumb|Eternit roofing. Eternit is a registered trademark for a brand of fibre cement currently owned by the Belgian company Etex. Fibre is often applied in building and construction materials, mainly in roofing and facade products.

natural or man-made structures that have the geometry of a honeycomb

British-designed composite armor

substance used to fill cavities in teeth

structural panel made of three layers

thumb|Delamination of carbon fiber–reinforced polymer under compression load Delamination is a mode of failure where a material fractures into layers. A variety of materials, including laminate composites and concrete, can fail by delamination. Processing can create layers in materials, such as steel formed by rolling and plastics and metals from 3D printing which can fail from layer separation. Also, surface coatings, such as paints and films, can delaminate from the coated substrate.

Pultrusion is a continuous process for manufacture of fibre-reinforced plastics with constant cross-section. The term is a portmanteau word, combining "pull" and "extrusion". As opposed to extrusion, which pushes the material, pultrusion pulls the material.

form of sandwich panel used as a building material

thumb| with a hawk and a sparrow, made by Hamano Masanobu, using the technique is a Japanese metalworking procedure which produces a mixed-metal laminate with distinctive layered patterns; the term is also used to refer to the resulting laminate itself. The term translates closely to 'wood grain metal' or 'wood eye metal' and describes the way metal takes on the appearance of natural wood grain. fuses several layers of differently coloured precious metals together to form a sandwich of alloys called a "billet." The billet is then manipulated in such a way that a pattern resembling wood grain

Carbon fiber-graphite composite

textile product valued for its functional characteristics

thumb|right|Sheet of foamboard

Gelcoat or gel coat is a material used to provide a high-quality finish on the visible surface of a fibre-reinforced composite. The most common gelcoats are thermosetting polymers based on epoxy or unsaturated polyester resin chemistry. Gelcoats are modified resins which are applied to moulds in the liquid state. They are cured to form crosslinked polymers and are subsequently backed with thermoset polymer matrix composites, which are often mixtures of polyester resin and fiberglass, or epoxy resin, which is most commonly used with carbon fibre for higher specific strength.

laminated composite material primarily used as a finish for furniture and wall panels

type of fiber-reinforced concrete

Pre-preg is a composite material made from "pre-impregnated" fibers and a partially cured polymer matrix, such as epoxy or phenolic resin, or even thermoplastic mixed with liquid rubbers or resins. The fibers often take the form of a weave and the matrix is used to bond them together and to other components during manufacture. The thermoset matrix is only partially cured to allow easy handling; this B-Stage material requires cold storage to prevent complete curing. B-Stage pre-preg is always stored in cooled areas since heat accelerates complete polymerization. Hence, composite structures buil

composite material

used in printed circuit boards

engineered wood product that uses multiple layers of thin wood assembled with adhesives

composite material

thumb|right|A component view of a Glare3-3/2 hybrid sheet. There are three layers of aluminum alternating with two layers of glass fiber. In a Glare3 grade, each glass fiber layer has two plies: one oriented at zero degrees, and the other oriented at ninety degrees. Glare (derived from GLAss REinforced laminate ) is a fiber metal laminate (FML) composed of several very thin layers of metal (usually aluminum) interspersed with layers of S-2 glass-fiber pre-preg, bonded together with a matrix such as epoxy. The uni-directional pre-preg layers may be aligned in different directions to suit predic

Micarta is a brand name for composites of various fibers integrated in a thermosetting plastic. Materials such as linen, canvas, paper, fiberglass, carbon fiber, or other fabrics are used to form products for electrical and decorative applications. Micarta was developed by George Westinghouse at least as early as 1910 using phenolic resins invented by Leo Baekeland. These resins were used to impregnate paper and cotton fabric which were cured under pressure and high temperature to produce laminates. In later years this manufacturing method included the use of fiberglass fabric, and other resin

Asbestos-ceramic is a type of pottery manufactured with asbestos and clay in Finland, Karelia and more widely in Fennoscandia from around 5000 BC. Some remnants of this style of pottery lasted until as late as 200 AD. These ceramics are able to retain heat longer than other pottery.

subgroup of ceramics, subgroup of composites

thumb|upright=1.4|Interior carpeting of a car's door made by a biocomposite of hemp fibres and polyethylene

ready to mould glass-fibre reinforced polyester material

in materials science