Concrete

thumb|A single concrete block, as used for construction

thumb|Cement powder in a bag, ready to be mixed with aggregates and water. thumb|right|Cement block construction examples from the Multiplex Manufacturing Company of Toledo, Ohio, in 1905

workable paste used to bind building blocks

material used for paving roads

thumb|Two bundles of full-length rebar, which will be placed, bent, or cut as required by installation

binder used as basic ingredient of concrete

building material used in construction during the late Roman Republic

thumbnail|upright=1.3|Natural pozzolana (volcanic ash) deposits situated in Southern California in the United States

movable or stationary machine that combines cement, aggregate such as sand or gravel, and water to form concrete

thumb|Animation depicting construction of multi-story building using aluminum handset formwork. thumb|Modular steel frame formwork for a foundation. Rebar has been stubbed up out of the concrete slab to form the base of future [[columns]] thumb|upright|Timber formwork for a concrete column. Adjustable metal screw jacks both stabilize and plumb the form thumb|Aluminum formwork system thumb|Sketch of the side view of traditional timber formwork used to form a flight of stairs thumb|Placing a wall form. A matching form will be placed on the opposite side to create the space to pour concrete into

thumb|PVC, used extensively in sewage pipes, is only useful because of plasticizers.|right A plasticizer (UK: plasticiser) is a substance that is added to a material to make it softer and more flexible, to increase its plasticity, to decrease its viscosity, and/or to decrease friction during its handling in manufacture.

lightweight, precast building material

Brucite is the mineral form of magnesium hydroxide, with the chemical formula Mg(OH)2. It is a common alteration product of periclase in marble; a low-temperature hydrothermal vein mineral in metamorphosed limestones and chlorite schists; and formed during serpentinization of dunites. Brucite is often found in association with serpentine, calcite, aragonite, dolomite, magnesite, hydromagnesite, artinite, talc and chrysotile.

residue of coal combustion

stone, wood or tile structure which can serve as floor; pavement type with solid blocks

main component of Portland cement (CEM I)

thumb|A slab of pykrete thumb|Pykrete is made of 14% sawdust and 86% water by mass.

inert material with sufficient compressive strength and appropriate size distribution added as load to a composite

common structural element of modern buildings

thumb|Early cement gun, Sydney 1914 thumb|A building worker spraying shotcrete on welded wire mesh thumb|Shotcrete nozzle with 75 Millimetre|mm concrete hose from line pump and 20 mm [[compressed air line]] thumb|Shotcrete swimming pool under construction in [[Northern Australia]] thumb|A 76 mm borehole in fibre-reinforced shotcrete on a tunnel wall thumb|A shotcrete curvelinear wall at the Museum of the History of Polish Jews in [[Warsaw, Poland]] right|thumb|Shotcrete-stabilized cliff above a [[motorway in New Zealand]] Shotcrete, gunite (), or sprayed concrete is concrete or morta

Ettringite is a hydrous calcium aluminium sulfate mineral with formula: . It is a colorless to yellow mineral crystallizing in the trigonal system. The prismatic crystals are typically colorless, turning white on partial dehydration. It is part of the ettringite-group which includes other sulfates such as thaumasite and bentorite.

The sclerometer, also known as the Turner-sclerometer (from meaning "hard"), is an instrument used by metallurgists, material scientists and mineralogists to measure the scratch hardness of materials. It was invented in 1896 by Thomas Turner (1861–1951), the first Professor of metallurgy in Britain, at the University of Birmingham.

thumb|Using a rubber grout float to smooth grout between tiles

Afwillite is a calcium hydroxide nesosilicate mineral with formula Ca3(SiO3OH)2·2H2O. It occurs as glassy, colorless to white prismatic monoclinic crystals. Its Mohs scale hardness is between 3 and 4. It occurs as an alteration mineral in contact metamorphism of limestone. It occurs in association with apophyllite, natrolite, thaumasite, merwinite, spurrite, gehlenite, ettringite, portlandite, hillebrandite, foshagite, brucite and calcite.

Roman masonry in diamond-shaped bricks of tuff, covering a core of opus caementicium

Carbonatation is a chemical reaction in which calcium hydroxide reacts with carbon dioxide and forms insoluble calcium carbonate:

thumb|right|300px|Secondary efflorescence on the dam of the Robert Moses Niagara Power Plant. In chemistry, efflorescence (Derived from the Latin verb 'efflorescere' roughly meaning 'to flower') is the migration of a salt to the surface of a porous material, where it forms a coating. The essential process involves the dissolving of an internally held salt in water or occasionally, in another solvent. The water, with the salt now held in solution, migrates to the surface, then evaporates, leaving a coating of the salt.

thumb|right|Construction block made from hempcrete thumb|Illustration of hemp concrete carbon emission and sequestration, with a net emissions balance indicating carbon negativity

machine used for transferring liquid concrete by pumping

thumb|Eternit roofing. Eternit is a registered trademark for a brand of fibre cement currently owned by the Belgian company Etex. Fibre is often applied in building and construction materials, mainly in roofing and facade products.

broad category of coarse particulate material used in construction

unfinished concrete

tool for smoothing the surface of concrete

thumb|350px|Testing the thermal conductivity of a papercrete panel Papercrete is a building material that consists of re-pulped paper fiber combined with Portland cement or clay, as well as other soils. First patented in 1928 by Eric Patterson and Mike McCain (who originally named it "padobe" and "fibrous cement"), it was revived during the 1980s. It is generally perceived as an environmentally friendly material due to the significant recycled content, although this is offset by the presence of cement, which emits CO2 during manufacture. The material also lacks standardisation, and proper use

Thaumasite is a calcium silicate mineral, containing Si atoms in unusual octahedral configuration, with chemical formula Ca3Si(OH)6(CO3)(SO4)·12H2O, also sometimes more simply written as CaSiO3·CaCO3·CaSO4·15H2O.

paint coats with mineral binding agents

construction product produced by casting concrete in a reusable mold

hygroscopic chemical compound of variable Na2O/SiO2 ratio precursor of waterglass

Gyrolite, NaCa16(Si23Al)O60(OH)8·14H2O, is a rare silicate mineral (basic sodium calcium silicate hydrate: N-C-S-H, in cement chemist notation) belonging to the class of phyllosilicates. Gyrolite is also often associated with zeolites. It is most commonly found as spherical or radial formations in hydrothermally altered basalt and basaltic tuffs. These formations can be glassy, dull or fibrous in appearance.

ability of a structure to withstand physical strain

concrete

type of concrete that uses polymers to replace lime-type cements as a binder

Expansive chemical reaction damaging concrete

thumb|The screed on this Paver (vehicle)|paver spreads and smooths the asphalt.

lightweight concrete typically made by mixing water, cement and foam

equipment that combines various ingredients to form concrete

husk of rice grains

method of utilizing the rubble

main parameter determining concrete strength and durability

type of fiber-reinforced concrete

measuring instrument

ship whose hull is primarily made of concrete

Chlormayenite (after Mayen, Germany), Ca12Al14O32[☐4Cl2], is a rare calcium aluminium oxide mineral of cubic symmetry.

'''Ye'elimite''' is the naturally occurring form of anhydrous calcium sulfoaluminate, . It gets its name from Har Ye'elim in Israel in the Hatrurim Basin west of the Dead Sea where it was first found in nature by Shulamit Gross, an Israeli mineralogist and geologist who studied the Hatrurim Formation.

special blend of concrete

porous concrete

type of concrete slab

damages inflicted to concrete by various harmful physical phenomena and chemical or biological processes

concrete-based building material which lets through light