Corrosion

thumb|upright=1.35|Colors and porous surface texture of rust

thumb|Corrosion on exposed metal, including a bolt (fastener)|bolt and nut

device for spontaneous conversion of chemical into electrical energy

Sulfide (also sulphide in British English) is an inorganic anion of sulfur with the chemical formula S2− or a compound containing one or more S2− ions. Solutions of sulfide salts are corrosive. Sulfide also refers to large families of inorganic and organic compounds, e.g. lead sulfide and dimethyl sulfide. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) and bisulfide (HS−) are the conjugate acids of sulfide.

Thiosulfate (IUPAC-recommended spelling; sometimes thiosulphate in British English) is an oxyanion of sulfur with the chemical formula . Thiosulfate also refers to the compounds containing this anion, which are the salts of thiosulfuric acid, such as sodium thiosulfate () and ammonium thiosulfate (). Thiosulfate salts occur naturally. Thiosulfate rapidly dechlorinates water, and is used to halt bleaching in the paper-making industry. Thiosulfate salts are mainly used for dyeing in textiles, and bleaching of natural substances.

thumb|Lacquer being sprayed onto a cabinet A coating is a covering that is applied to the surface of an object, or substrate. The purpose of applying the coating may be decorative, functional, or both. Coatings may be applied as liquids, gases or solids e.g. powder coatings.

deterioration of tin objects at low temperatures

corrosion in electrolytes

reduction in ductility of a metal exposed to hydrogen

thumb|220px|The compound Titanocene pentasulfide| is an example of a polysulfide complex Polysulfides are a class of chemical compounds derived from anionic chains of sulfur atoms. There are two main classes of polysulfides: inorganic and organic. The inorganic polysulfides have the general formula . These anions are the conjugate bases of polysulfanes . Organic polysulfides generally have the formulae , where R is an alkyl or aryl group.

Decarburization (or decarbonization) is the process of decreasing carbon content, which is the opposite of carburization.

ordering of metals by nobility (ease of galvanisation)

growth of cracks in a corrosive environment

Form of insidious localized corrosion in which a pit develops at the anode site

thumb|right|Image of fretting on a bearing

alteration in the polymer properties under the influence of environmental factors

when crystallite boundaries are more corrosive than their interiors

thumb|right|200px|The structure of the tetrathionate anion

severe form of highly localized corrosion attack resulting from the presence of an electrolyte in a crevice

fatigue in a corrosive environment

Fougèrite is a relatively recently described naturally occurring green rust mineral. It is the archetype of the fougèrite group in the larger hydrotalcite supergroup of naturally occurring layered double hydroxides. The structure is based on brucite-like layers containing Fe2+ and Fe3+ cations, O2− and OH− anions, with loosely bound [CO3]2− groups and H2O molecules between the layers. Fougèrite crystallizes in trigonal system. The ideal formula for fougèrite is [Fe2+4Fe3+2(OH)12][CO3]·3H2O. Higher degrees of oxidation produce the other members of the fougèrite group, namely trébeurdenite, [Fe2

thumb|Very high-speed photography of a small projectile striking a thin [[aluminium plate at 7,000 m/s. The impact causes the projectile to disintegrate, and generates a large number of small fragments from the aluminium (spallation). This can occur without penetration of the plate.]]

type of corrosion

thumb|right|200px|The unusual structure of the dithionite anion. It has a remarkably long sulfur-sulfur bond.

corrosion caused or promoted by microorganisms

corrosion test method

Instrument used for measuring the thickness of the concrete cover above reinforcement bars

Chalconatronite is a carbonate mineral and rare secondary copper mineral that contains copper, sodium, carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen, its chemical formula is Na2Cu(CO3)2•3(H2O). Chalconatronite is partially soluble in water, and only decomposes, although chalconatronite is soluble while cold, in dilute acids. The name comes from the mineral's compounds, copper ("chalcos" in Greek) and natron, naturally forming sodium carbonate. The mineral is thought to be formed by water carrying alkali carbonates (possibly from soil) reacting with bronze. Similar minerals include malachite, azurite, and other

destructive, intercrystalline corrosion process of zinc alloys containing lead impurities

thumb|upright=1.3|Tungsten rods with evaporated crystals, partially oxidized with colorful tarnish Tarnish is a thin layer of corrosion that forms over copper, brass, aluminum, magnesium, neodymium and other similar metals as their outermost layer undergoes a chemical reaction. Tarnish does not always result from the sole effects of oxygen in the air. For example, silver needs hydrogen sulfide to tarnish, although it may tarnish with oxygen over time. It often appears as a dull, gray or black film or coating over metal. Tarnish is a surface phenomenon that is self-limiting, unlike rust. Only t

technical discipline

Mechanical erosion of a material, or of the protective oxide layer on its surface

transformation of Fe(OH)2 into Fe3O4 with hydrogen release

right|thumb|Detached rusticles below port side anchor of the Titanic|RMS Titanic A rusticle is a formation of rust similar to an icicle or stalactite in appearance that occurs deep underwater when iron-eating bacteria attack and oxidize wrought iron and steel. They are seen on underwater photographs of shipwrecks, such as the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck. They have also been found in the #3 8-inch gun turret on the stern of the USS Indianapolis. The word rusticle is a portmanteau of the words rust and icicle and was coined by Robert Ballard, who first observed them on the wr

composite construction material with elemental sulfur as a binder

thumb|upright|Calthemite straw stalactite growing from the concrete ceiling of an undercover car-park thumb|upright|Calthemite straw stalactites, the rightmost example demonstrating bending due to the direction of air currents during its formation

cracks in many different elastomers due to ozone attack

thumb|Embrittled Pinch Roller|pinch roller Embrittlement is a significant decrease of ductility of a material, which makes the material brittle. Embrittlement is used to describe any phenomena where the environment compromises a stressed material's mechanical performance, such as temperature or environmental composition. This is oftentimes undesirable as brittle fracture occurs quicker and can much more easily propagate than ductile fracture, leading to complete failure of the equipment. Various materials have different mechanisms of embrittlement, therefore it can manifest in a variety of way

Tribocorrosion is a material degradation process due to the combined effect of corrosion and wear. The name tribocorrosion expresses the underlying disciplines of tribology and corrosion. Tribology is concerned with the study of friction, lubrication and wear (its name comes from the Greek "tribo" meaning to rub) and corrosion is concerned with the chemical and electrochemical interactions between a material, normally a metal, and its environment. As a field of research tribocorrosion is relatively new, but tribocorrosion phenomena have been around ever since machines and installations are bei

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