Court physicians

Ibn Sina ( – 22 June 1037), commonly known in the West as Avicenna ( ), was a preeminent philosopher and physician of the Muslim world. He was a seminal figure of the Islamic Golden Age, serving in the courts of various Iranian rulers, and was influential to medieval European medical and Scholastic thought.

Aelius Galenus or Claudius Galenus (; September 129 – CE), often anglicized as Galen () or Galen of Pergamon, was a Roman and Greek physician, surgeon, and philosopher. Considered to be one of the most accomplished of all medical researchers of antiquity, Galen influenced the development of various scientific disciplines, including anatomy, physiology, pathology, pharmacology, and neurology, as well as philosophy and logic.

Michel de Nostredame (December 1503 – July 1566), usually Latinised as Nostradamus, was a French astrologer, apothecary, physician, and reputed seer, who is best known for his book Les Prophéties (published in 1555), a collection of 942 poetic quatrains allegedly predicting future events.

Moses ben Maimon (died 12 December 1204), commonly known as Maimonides and also referred to by the Hebrew acronym Rambam, was a Sephardic Jewish rabbi who is widely acknowledged as one of the most prolific and influential Torah scholars of the Middle Ages. Originally from Córdoba, where he was born on Passover Eve of 1135 or 1138, his family was exiled from Muslim-ruled Spain when they refused to convert to Islam shortly after the Almohad Caliphate conquered the Almoravid dynasty in 1148. Over the course of the next two decades, Maimonides resided in Fez, Acre, Jerusalem, Alexandria, and Cairo

French economist

Ctesias ( ; ; ), also known as Ctesias of Cnidus, was a Greek physician and historian from the town of Cnidus in Caria, then part of the Achaemenid Empire.

Dutch physiologist (1730–1799)

De facto regent of Denmark (1737-1772)

9th century Andalusian Jewish scholar, physician and official

Dutch-Austrian doctor (1700-1772)

Janggeum (; ) was reputedly the first female Royal Physician in Korean history. She was mentioned 10 times in the Annals of the Joseon Dynasty. It is known that King Jungjong was pleased with Jang-geum's medical knowledge and trusted her with taking care of the royal family. She was granted the use of Dae () (which means "great" in Korean) before her first name.

Spanish naturalists and physician (1515-1587)

Court physician for Tsar Nicholas II

German physician (1525-1602)

German physician

Korean court physician (1539 – 1615 )

12th century Iraqi Islamic philosopher, physicist and physician

thumb|De consolatione medicinarum, 1475

Italian physician

physician and saint

Flemish physician and botanist (1538-1616)

An archiater () was a chief physician of a monarch, who typically retained several. At the Roman imperial court, their chief held the high rank and specific title of Comes archiatrorum.

Persian physician

15th-century ethnic Armenian physician and writer.

Byzantine saint

German physician and botanist (1695-1769)

Danish physician (1603-1680)

Islamic astronomer

physician and author of the "Nature of Animals"

French adventurer

Udjaḥorresnet (or Wedjaḥorresnet, and many other variants) was an ancient Egyptian high official who lived between the end of the 26th Dynasty and the beginning of the 27th Dynasty. He is mainly known for his efforts in promoting the Egyptian customs to the early Achaemenid kings of the 27th Dynasty.

Genevan physician

Egyptian doctor

British surgeon and polymath (1820–1904)

French physician

Scottish physician and author (1763-1856)

French physician (1800–1889)

Jewish physician

Silesian physician (1519-1585)

Spanish physician

Portuguese physician and scientist (1806-1877)

Serbian physician

English physician and archaeologist

English doctor

Byzantine physician

Swedish doctor and author

British physician (1718-1807)

Egyptian court physician

French royal physician, teacher, and poet

Karaite Jewish physician and scholar

Spanish linguist and astronomer

thumb|upright|Statue of Psamtikseneb, Musei Vaticani, inv. 22687; the head is not ancient. Psamtikseneb (Egyptian: Psmṯk-snb, meaning “(King) Psamtik is healthy”) was an ancient Egyptian high official during the 26th Dynasty (664–525 BC), perhaps under king Psamtik II.