Cyberwarfare

protection of computer systems and networks from theft, damage, misuse or data leak

network security system that monitors and controls incoming and outgoing network traffic based on predetermined security rules

type of malware that pretends to be a legitimate program

cyber attack disrupting service by overloading the provider of the service

thumb|Cyberwarfare specialists of the United States Army's 782nd Military Intelligence Battalion (Cyber) supporting the [[3rd Brigade Combat Team, 1st Cavalry Division during a training exercise in 2019]]

form of indirect warfare

thumb|Stacheldraht botnet diagram showing a DDoS attack (Note this is also an example of a type of client–server model of a botnet.) A botnet is a group of Internet-connected devices, each of which runs one or more bots. Botnets can be used to perform distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks, steal data, send spam, and allow the attacker to access the device and its connection. The owner can control the botnet using command and control (C&C) software. The word "botnet" is a portmanteau of the words "robot" and "network". The term is usually used with a negative or malicious connotation.

A rootkit is a collection of computer software, typically malicious, designed to enable access to a computer or an area of its software that is not otherwise allowed (for example, to an unauthorized user) and often masks its existence or the existence of other software. The term rootkit is a compound of "root" (the traditional name of the privileged account on Unix-like operating systems) and the word "kit" (which refers to the software components that implement the tool). The term "rootkit" has negative connotations through its association with malware.

Stuxnet is a malicious computer worm first uncovered on 17 June 2010 and thought to have been in development since at least 2005. Stuxnet targets supervisory control and data acquisition (SCADA) systems and is believed to be responsible for causing substantial damage to the Iran nuclear program after it was first installed on a computer at the Natanz Nuclear Facility in 2009. Although neither the United States nor Israel has openly admitted responsibility, multiple independent news organizations claim Stuxnet to be a cyberweapon built jointly by the two countries in a collaborative effort know

thumb|right|upright|A radome at [[RAF Menwith Hill, a site with satellite uplink capabilities believed to be used by ECHELON]] thumb|right|RAF Menwith Hill, [[North Yorkshire, England]] thumb|right|Misawa Air Base Security Operations Center (MSOC), [[Aomori Prefecture, Japan]]

intelligence-gathering by interception of signals

Cyberterrorism is the use of the Internet to conduct violent acts that result in, or threaten, the loss of life or significant bodily harm, in order to achieve political or ideological gains through threat or intimidation. Emerging alongside the development of information technology, cyberterrorism involves acts of deliberate, large-scale disruption of computer networks, especially of personal computers attached to the Internet by means of tools such as computer viruses, computer worms, phishing, malicious software, hardware methods, and programming scripts can all be forms of internet terrori

form of espionage conducted for commercial purposes instead of purely national security

piece of code intentionally inserted into a software system that will set off a malicious function when specified conditions are met

military doctrine or theory of war pioneered by the United States Department of Defense in the 1990s

stealthy threat actor

Russian state-sponsored Internet commentators

deals offered for reporting software bugs

modular computer malware

cyber espionage group

act of obtaining secrets and information using methods on the Internet, networks or individual computers

series of documents released by WikiLeaks in 2017

Agency of the Netherlands

Hacking Team was a Milan-based information technology company that sold offensive intrusion and surveillance capabilities to governments, law enforcement agencies and corporations. Its "Remote Control Systems" enabled governments and corporations to monitor the communications of internet users, decipher their encrypted files and emails, record Skype and other Voice over IP communications, and remotely activate microphones and camera on target computers. The company was criticized for providing these capabilities to governments with poor human rights records, though HackingTeam stated that they

thumb|Suspected FinFisher government users that were active at some point in 2015.

GhostNet () is the name given by researchers at the Information Warfare Monitor to a large-scale cyber spying operation discovered in March 2009. The operation is likely associated with an advanced persistent threat, or a network actor that spies undetected. Its command and control infrastructure is based mainly in the People's Republic of China and GhostNet has infiltrated high-value political, economic and media locations in 103 countries. Computer systems belonging to embassies, foreign ministries and other government offices, and the Dalai Lama's Tibetan exile centers in India, London and

connection tracking network security system

branch of the Norwegian Armed Forces

Russian hacker group

act of a government or state to manipulate the Internet

group of computer hackers

data that is useful in detecting or predicting cyberattacks

Cyberweapons are commonly defined as malware agents employed for military, paramilitary, or intelligence objectives as part of a cyberattack. This includes computer viruses, trojans, spyware, and worms that can introduce malicious code into existing software, causing a computer to perform actions or processes unintended by its operator.

Duqu is a collection of computer malware discovered on 1 September 2011, thought by Kaspersky Labs to be related to the Stuxnet worm and to have been created by Unit 8200. The Laboratory of Cryptography and System Security (CrySyS Lab) of the Budapest University of Technology and Economics in Hungary discovered the threat, analysed the malware, and wrote a 60-page report naming the threat Duqu. Duqu got its name from the prefix "~DQ" it gives to the names of files it creates.

computer hacker group that released sensitive NSA data

Russian GRU cybermilitary unit, part of Fancy Bear

North Korean cyberwarfare agency

federally funded research center in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, United States

a form of firewall that controls input/output or system calls of an application or service

cyberwarfare

computer security exercise in which "flags" are hidden in purposefully vulnerable programs or websites

set of techniques or tools for resisting or mitigating the impact of distributed denial-of-service attacks on networks attached to the Internet by protecting the target and relay networks

malware package

w3af (Web Application Attack and Audit Framework) is an open-source web application security scanner. The project provides a vulnerability scanner and exploitation tool for Web applications. It provides information about security vulnerabilities for use in penetration testing engagements. The scanner offers a graphical user interface and a command-line interface.

military branch concerned with electronic warfare

proactive prevention against computer hacking

In computing, infostealers are a form of malicious software created to breach computer systems to steal sensitive information, such as login details, financial information, and other personally identifiable information. The stolen information is then packaged, sent to the attacker, and often traded on illicit markets to other cybercriminals.

Hacker team specialized on political manipulations such as election

Cybergeddon (from tech. cyber-, "computer", and Armageddon, from Hebrew Har Megiddo, "mountain of the final battle") is a popular term in computer security, the media and international relations for a hypothetical cataclysm caused by large-scale sabotage of computerised networks, systems and data flows. The scenario typically combines cyberterrorism, cyberwarfare, cybercrime and hacktivism into cascades of attacks capable of disrupting the Internet, critical infrastructure and global financial and industrial systems.

ability to continuously deliver an intended outcome, despite adverse cyber events

type of computer security exploit

In computer security, camfecting is the process of attempting to hack into a person's webcam and activate it without the webcam owner's permission. The remotely activated webcam can be used to watch anything within the webcam's field of vision, sometimes including the webcam owner themselves. Camfecting is most often carried out by infecting the victim's computer with a virus that can provide the hacker access to their webcam. This attack is specifically targeted at the victim's webcam, and hence the name camfecting, a portmanteau of the words camera and infecting.

Study of the international law of cyber wafare

EU directive

Telecomix is a decentralized cluster of net activists, committed to the freedom of expression and is a name used by both WeRebuild and Telecomix. WeRebuild is a collaborative project used to propose and discuss laws as well as to collect information about politics and politicians. The Telecomix is the operative body that executes schemes and proposals presented by the WeRebuild. On September 15, 2011, Telecomix diverted all connections to the Syrian web, and redirected internauts to a page with instructions to bypass censorship.

discipline involving hardware design, access control, secure multi-party computation, secure key storage, ensuring code authenticity, measures to ensure that the supply chain that built the product is secure

German hacker

cooperation, communication and coordination platform in Germany

French national agency for computer and network security

cyber-security challenge and mind sport in hacking