Ecological economics

thumb|Ecotourism in Svalbard Ecotourism is a form of nature-oriented tourism intended to contribute to the conservation of the natural environment, generally defined as being minimally impactful, and including providing both contributions to conservation and environmental education. The definition sometimes also includes being financially beneficial to the host community or making conservation financially possible. There is a range of different definitions, and the correct definition of the term was an active subject of debate as of 2009. The term is also used more widely by many organizations

individual's or a group's human demand on nature

benefits created by nature, forests and environmental systems

Degrowth is an academic and social movement aimed at the planned and democratic reduction of production and consumption as a solution to social-ecological crises. Commonly cited policy goals of degrowth include reducing the environmental impact of human activities, redistributing income and wealth within and between countries, and encouraging a shift from materialistic values to a convivial and participatory society. According to degrowth theorists, degrowth is a multi-layered concept that combines critiques of capitalism, colonialism, productivism, and utilitarianism, while envisioning more c

maximum population size of the species that the environment can sustain indefinitely

scientific work by Meadows et al.

philosophy that guides the government of Bhutan

research field on the interdependence of human economies and natural ecosystems

Exergy, often referred to as "available energy" or "useful work potential", is a fundamental concept in the field of thermodynamics and engineering. It plays a crucial role in understanding and quantifying the quality of energy within a system and its potential to perform useful work. Exergy analysis has widespread applications in various fields, including energy engineering, environmental science, and industrial processes.

world's stock of natural resources, which includes geology, soils, air, water and all living organisms

tax on activities generating negative externalities

economic model used to measure the performance of an economy by the extent to which the needs of people are met without overshooting Earth's ecological ceiling

flow of energy through a food chain, and is the focus of study in ecological energetics

metric that has been suggested to replace, or supplement, gross domestic product

set of processes exchanging nutrients between parts of a system

study of materials and energy flows between nature and society

economy made up of constant physical wealth and population size

Thermoeconomics, also referred to as Bioeconomics or Biophysical Economics, is a school of heterodox economics that applies the laws of statistical mechanics to economic theory. Thermoeconomics is considered the statistical physics of economic value and is one subfield of econophysics, extenuating to Ecological Economics.

required to produce any goods or services

economic indicator

research initiative

A bioeffector is a viable microorganism or active natural compound which directly or indirectly affects plant performance (biofertilizer), and thus has the potential to reduce fertilizer and pesticide use in crop production.

system used within industry, where measuring and analyzing the energy consumption of different activities is done to improve energy efficiency

economic growth that reflects or creates a decline in the quality of life

incentives offered to farmers or landowners

the point at which a relatively small change in external conditions causes a rapid change in an ecosystem

journal

Ecoauthoritarianism (also known as an eco-dictatorship or authoritarian environmentalism) is a political ideology which attempts to reconcile both environmentalist and authoritarian tendencies. It is justified by the belief of the inevitability and necessity of a strong central government to preserve the environment.