Ecology

thumb|Current measurement instrument encrusted with zebra mussels thumb|Plant organisms, bacteria and animals (freshwater sponges) have covered (fouled) the sheath of an electric cable in a canal (Mid-[[Deûle in Lille, north of France).]]

thumb|upright=1.3|De Molen (windmill) and the nuclear power plant cooling tower in Doel, Belgium (DSCF3859) Radioecology is the branch of ecology concerning the presence of radioactivity in Earth's ecosystems. Investigations in radioecology include field sampling, experimental field and laboratory procedures, and the development of environmentally predictive simulation models in an attempt to understand the migration methods of radioactive material throughout the environment.

controversial term for uncontrolled dispersal of contaminated altered genes from genetically engineered organisms to natural organisms

process where the limited gene pool of an endangered species diminishes even more when reproductive individuals die off before reproducing with others in their endangered low population

study of biological populations

aspect of history

thumb|250x250px|Carcass of a shrew surrounded by multiple necrophages, including a blow fly and [[burying beetle.]] Necrophages (also known as carrion feeders) are animals that feed on decomposing dead animal biomass, such as the muscle and soft tissue of carcasses or corpses. The term derives from Greek , meaning 'dead', and , meaning 'to eat'. Many hundreds of necrophagous species have been identified including invertebrates in the insect, malacostracan and gastropod classes and vertebrates such as vultures, hyenas, quolls and wolves.

tribe of fishes

species that is able to thrive in a wide variety of environmental conditions

sub-field within ecology that considers the application of the science of ecology to real-world (usually management) questions

set of processes exchanging nutrients between parts of a system

Biometeorology is the interdisciplinary field of science that studies the interactions between living things (plants, microbes, vertebrates, invertebrates) and atmospheric phenomena (wind, temperature, humidity, sunlight, greenhouse gas concentrations) on time scales of the order of seasons or shorter (in contrast with bioclimatology).

future extinction of species due to events in the past

system of sexual reproduction in a population

thumb|Coconut flower Hainuwele, "The Coconut Girl", is a figure from the Wemale and Alune folklore of the island of Seram in the Maluku Islands, Indonesia. Her story is an origin myth.

REDIRECT Mutualism (biology)#Protocooperation

thumb|The giant pitchers of Nepenthes rajah act as phytotelmata thumb|Bromeliad tank formed by Neoregelia concentrica var. plutonis thumb|A water-filled tree hollow thumb|Lyriothemis tricolor is a species of [[dragonfly that breeds in phytotelmata|alt=]] Phytotelma (plural phytotelmata) is a small water-filled cavity in a terrestrial plant. The water accumulated within these plants may serve as the habitat for associated fauna and flora.

Indigenous and other traditional knowledge of local resources

thumb|Petrified Miocene [[quartz sand in the old Grube Gotthold mine on the Liebenwerda Heath, Lower Lusatia]] A geotope is the geological component of the abiotic matrix present in an ecotope. Example geotopes might be an exposed outcrop of rocks, an erratic boulder, a grotto or ravine, a cave, an old stone wall marking a property boundary, and so forth.

thumb|The World Wildlife Fund's Living Planet Report 2022 found that wildlife populations declined by an average 69% since 1970. Defaunation is the global, local, or functional extinction of animal populations or species from ecological communities. The growth of the human population, combined with advances in harvesting technologies, has led to more intense and efficient exploitation of the environment. This has resulted in the depletion of large vertebrates from ecological communities, creating what has been termed "empty forest". Defaunation differs from extinction; it includes both the dis

Parabiosis is a laboratory technique used in physiological research, derived from the Greek word meaning "living beside." The technique involves the surgical joining of two living organisms in such a way that they develop a single, shared physiological system. Through this approach, researchers can study the exchange of blood, hormones, and other substances between the two organisms, allowing for the examination of a wide range of physiological phenomena and interactions. Parabiosis has been employed in various fields of study, including stem cell research, endocrinology, aging research, and i

thumb|right|300px|A kīpuka surrounded by lava flows at Kīlauea [[volcano, Hawai`i]] thumb|right|upright=1.35|Green kīpukas surrounded by brown lava flows erupted from Mount Iwate|Iwate volcano, Japan

A bioeffector is a viable microorganism or active natural compound which directly or indirectly affects plant performance (biofertilizer), and thus has the potential to reduce fertilizer and pesticide use in crop production.

influence of mother's environment and genotype on offspring's phenotype

2023 exhortation of Pope Francis

Pattern of phenotypic expression caused by a given genotype across a range of environments

bog consisting of ridges and islands

Marxist theory that argues a disconnection or imbalance of metabolic interaction between humanity and the rest of nature due to capitalist production

generalized principle to describe patterns observed in living organisms

ecological method to measure species extinction risk

study of ecosystems over time

atomic ratio of carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus found in phytoplankton

hypothetical microbial biosphere of Earth that would use radically different biochemical and molecular processes from that of currently known life

Homeorhesis, derived from the Greek for "similar flow", is a concept encompassing dynamical systems which return to a trajectory, as opposed to systems which return to a particular state, which is termed homeostasis.

400x400px|thumb|The 3Fs Initiative: Fauna, Flora, Funga

Myzocytosis (from Greek: myzein, (') meaning "to suck" and kytos (') meaning "container", hence referring to "cell") is a method of feeding found in some heterotrophic organisms. It is also called "cellular vampirism" as the predatory cell pierces the cell wall and/or cell membrane of the prey cell with a feeding tube, the conoid, sucks out the cellular content and digests it.

change in the natural environment caused by human or natural factors

process of speciation where natural selection increases the reproductive isolation between two populations of species

metaphor used to describe the condition of an ecosystem

average time from one generation to another within the same population

Ecological concept

Wikimedia glossary list article

form of speciation from isolation

thumb|The dogwood andrena, [[Andrena Subgenus Gonandrena, oligolectic on dogwoods]]

species that has a strong role in structuring a community

foraging behavior

intertidal area of seacoasts where solid rock predominates

ecological concept

animal behavior

attributes of living species that are best explained as having been favorably selected due to coevolution with other species that have since become extinct

thumb|465x465px|Regrowth of a megaphorb community after forest fire Megaphorbs are areas with a community of tall, exuberant, perennial herbs. The plant communities provide ground cover and often exist on the margins of wooded areas, terrain that has recently been cleared, or in disturbed areas adjacent to creeks or rivers. These plant communities are often found in mountainous areas.

thumb|right|240px|Astyanax jordani, a [[cavefish from Mexican caves]]

species interactions that benefit at least one of the participants and cause harm to neither

Biosorption is a physiochemical process that occurs naturally in certain biomass which allows it to passively concentrate and bind contaminants onto its cellular structure. Biosorption can be defined as the ability of biological materials to accumulate heavy metals from wastewater through metabolically mediated or physico-chemical pathways of uptake. Though using biomass in environmental cleanup has been in practice for a while, scientists and engineers are hoping this phenomenon will provide an economical alternative for removing toxic heavy metals from industrial wastewater and aid in enviro

A lithoautotroph is an organism that derives energy from reactions of reduced compounds of mineral (inorganic) origin. Two types of lithoautotrophs are distinguished by their energy source; photolithoautotrophs derive their energy from light, while chemolithoautotrophs (chemolithotrophs or chemoautotrophs) derive their energy from chemical reactions. Chemolithoautotrophs are exclusively microbes. Photolithoautotrophs include macroflora such as plants; these do not possess the ability to use mineral sources of reduced compounds for energy. Most chemolithoautotrophs belong to the domain Bacteria

global increase in species richness from polar regions to tropics

study of human health and ecosystems

A stenotherm (from Greek στενός stenos "narrow" and θέρμη therme "heat") is a species or living organism capable of surviving only within a narrow temperature range. This specialization is often found in organisms that inhabit environments with relatively stable environments, such as deep sea environments or polar regions.

Field of study

fallen tree that provides ecological facilitation to seedlings as it decays