Effects of external causes

An allergy is an exaggerated immune response where the body mistakenly identifies an ordinarily harmless allergen as a threat. Allergic reactions give rise to allergic diseases such as hay fever, allergic conjunctivitis, allergic asthma, atopic dermatitis, food allergies, and anaphylaxis. Symptoms of allergic diseases may include red eyes, an itchy rash, sneezing, coughing, a runny nose, shortness of breath, or swelling.

thumb|Thirst (1886), by William-Adolphe Bouguereau Thirst is the craving for potable fluids, resulting in the basic instinct of animals to drink. It is an essential mechanism involved in fluid balance. It arises from a lack of fluids or an increase in the concentration of certain osmolites, such as sodium. If the water volume of the body falls below a certain threshold or the osmolite concentration becomes too high, structures in the brain detect changes in blood constituents and signal thirst.

condition in which a disagreement exists between visually perceived movement and the vestibular system's sense of movement

failure of the body to dissipate heat in an excessively hot environment, or during physical exertion

acute negative health effects from high altitude

physiological reaction or injury caused by electric current

health problems caused by exposure to very high levels of ionizing radiation

Starvation is a severe deficiency in caloric energy intake, below the level needed to maintain an organism's life. It is the most extreme form of malnutrition. In humans, prolonged starvation can cause permanent organ damage and eventually, death. The term inanition refers to the symptoms and effects of starvation. Starvation may have a natural cause or be man-made. Deliberately inflicting starvation upon a population is a crime according to international criminal law and may also be used as a means of torture or execution.

disorder caused by dissolved gases emerging from solution

Hypersensitivity (also called hypersensitivity reaction) is an immune response characterized by mechanisms that cause significant tissue damage or physiological dysfunction, whether directed against pathogens, harmless environmental antigens, or self-antigens that is reproducible upon re-exposure to the antigen. While hypersensitivity mechanisms can sometimes serve protective functions (such as control of infectious diseases), they are distinguished by their capacity to cause collateral tissue damage that may exceed any protective benefit. Collectively, hypersensitivities are extremely common:

An idiosyncrasy is a unique feature of something. The term is often used to express peculiarity.

condition caused by the failure of the human body to dissipate heat in a hot environment

non-freezing cold injury to the foot

Chilblains, also known as pernio, is a medical condition in which damage occurs to capillary beds in the skin, most often in the hands or feet, when blood perfuses into the nearby tissue, resulting in redness, itching, inflammation, and possibly blisters.

Hypervitaminosis is a condition of abnormally high storage levels of vitamins, which can lead to various symptoms as over excitement, irritability, or even toxicity. Specific medical names of the different conditions are derived from the given vitamin involved: an excess of vitamin A, for example, is called hypervitaminosis A. Hypervitaminoses are primarily caused by fat-soluble vitamins (D and A), as these are stored by the body for longer than the water-soluble vitamins.

undesired harmful effect resulting from a medication or other medical intervention

form of abuse characterized by a person intentionally inflicting bodily harm or injury on another

thumb|Man lifting

herbal preparation

physiological response to sudden exposure to cold

caused by the loss of water and electrolytes through sweating

cramps caused by heat

Human disease

disease in which the proportion of blood volume that is occupied by red blood cells increases and there is an abnormally low level of oxygen in the blood

excess of Vitamin D leading to abnormalities

Aerosinusitis, also called barosinusitis, sinus squeeze or sinus barotrauma is a painful inflammation and sometimes bleeding of the membrane of the paranasal sinus cavities, normally the frontal sinus. It is caused by a difference in air pressures inside and outside the cavities.