English musical instruments

The lyre () (from Greek λύρα and Latin lyra) is a stringed musical instrument that is classified by Hornbostel–Sachs as a member of the lute family of instruments. In organology, a lyre is considered a yoke lute, since it is a lute in which the strings are attached to a yoke that lies in the same plane as the sound table, and consists of two arms and a crossbar.

thumb|A metal pea whistle thumb|A 3D-printable whistle

thumb|Video of a hurdy-gurdy being played

The euphonium ( ; ; ) is a tenor- and baritone-voiced valved brass instrument pitched in 9-foot (9) B an octave below the B trumpet or cornet, employed chiefly in brass, military, and concert bands. As with any brass instrument, sound is produced with a lip vibration or "buzz" in the mouthpiece. The euphonium is a member of the large family of valved bugles, along with the tuba and flugelhorn, characterized by a wide conical bore. Most instruments have four valves, usually compensating piston valves, although instruments with four or five rotary valves are common in Eastern and Central Europe.

The contrabassoon, also known as the double bassoon, is a larger version of the bassoon, sounding an octave lower. Its technique is similar to its smaller cousin, with a few notable differences.

six-holed woodwind instrument

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The cittern or cithren (Fr. cistre, It. cetra, Ger. Cister, Sp. cistro, cedra, cítola) is a stringed instrument dating from the Renaissance. Modern scholars debate its exact history, but it is generally accepted that it is descended from the medieval citole (or cytole). Its flat-back design was simpler and cheaper to construct than the lute. It was also easier to play, smaller, less delicate and more portable. Played by people of all social classes, the cittern was a popular instrument of casual music-making much like the guitar is today.

A fiddle is a bowed string musical instrument, most often a violin or a bass. Fiddle is a colloquial term for the violin, used by players in all genres, including classical music. Although in many cases violin and fiddle are essentially synonymous, the style of the music played may determine specific construction differences between fiddles and classical violins. For example, fiddles may optionally be set up with a bridge with a flatter arch to reduce the range of bow-arm motion needed for techniques such as the double shuffle, a form of bariolage involving rapid alternation between pairs of a

See Rotte for the psaltery, or Rotte for the plucked lyre.

The term dulcimer refers to two families of musical string instruments.

conical-bore wooden flute of the type favored by classical flautists of the early 19th century, or a flute of modern manufacture derived from this design

string instrument played with hammers

musical instrument

music instrument

bellows-blown bagpipes from Northeastern England

The orpharion ( or ) or opherion is a plucked stringed instrument from the Renaissance, a member of the cittern family. Its construction is similar to the larger bandora and is an ancestor of the guitar. The metal strings are tuned like a lute and are plucked with the fingers. It has a multi-scale fingerboard: the nut and bridge of an orpharion are typically sloped, so that the string length increases from treble to bass. Due to the extremely low-tension metal strings, which would easily distort the notes when pushed down, the frets were almost flush with the fingerboard, which was gently scal

type of natural trumpet made of spruce covered with birch bark

pair of instruments played by a single player, consisting of a three-hole pipe played with one hand, and a small drum played with the other

type of bowed lyre

Instrument consisting of a glockenspiel operated by a piano keyboard

English percussion instrument

plucked string instrument widely used in north-western Europe from pre-Christian to medieval times