Environmental economics

composite statistic of life expectancy, education, and income indices

regenerative system in which resource input and waste, emissions, and energy leakage, are minimised

thumb|Air pollution from [[motor vehicles is an example of a negative externality. The costs of the air pollution for the rest of society is not compensated for by either the producers or users of motorized transport.]]

Degrowth is an academic and social movement aimed at the planned and democratic reduction of production and consumption as a solution to social-ecological crises. Commonly cited policy goals of degrowth include reducing the environmental impact of human activities, redistributing income and wealth within and between countries, and encouraging a shift from materialistic values to a convivial and participatory society. According to degrowth theorists, degrowth is a multi-layered concept that combines critiques of capitalism, colonialism, productivism, and utilitarianism, while envisioning more c

self-interests causing depletion of a shared resource

sub-field of economics

when water demand exceeds available resources

philosophy that guides the government of Bhutan

research field on the interdependence of human economies and natural ecosystems

tax on activities generating negative externalities

principle

standard related to environment management systems, as published by European Commission

(in economics) comprises all naturally occurring resources whose supply is inherently fixed

study of material and energy flows through industrial systems

fashion that is designed, manufactured, distributed and used in ways that are environmentally friendly and ethically responsible

path of economic growth that uses natural resources in a sustainable manner

index measuring how much each contribute to the planet and the human race

metric that has been suggested to replace, or supplement, gross domestic product

international research organization in Austria

Eco-capitalism, also known as environmental capitalism or (sometimes) green capitalism, is the view that capital exists in nature as "natural capital" (ecosystems that have ecological yield) on which all wealth depends. Therefore, governments should use market-based policy-instruments (such as a carbon tax) to resolve environmental problems.

study of materials and energy flows between nature and society

identity regarding anthropogenic carbon dioxide emissions

survey-based economic technique for valuation of non-market resources

The World3 model is a system dynamics model for computer simulation of interactions between population, industrial growth, food production and limits in the ecosystems of the earth. It was originally produced and used by a Club of Rome study that produced the model and the book The Limits to Growth (1972). The creators of the model were Dennis Meadows, project manager, and a team of 16 researchers.

an economy that can grow without increasing environmental costs

Green accounting is a type of accounting that attempts to include factor environmental costs into the financial results of operations

subset of accounting proper, its target being to incorporate both economic and environmental information

political and economic philosophy

Property rights adjacent to waterways

capacity of systems, institutions, humans and other organisms to adjust to changes and potential damage, to take advantage of opportunities, or to respond to consequences

hypothesis that strict environmental regulations may result in efficient innovations that result in cost savings and competitive advantage

non-fiction work by Bjørn Lomborg

field of finance focused on environmental policy

economic, environmental and socio-political vision

taxes and subsidies related to aviation

measure of the ease at which a form of energy can be converted

journal