Environmental microbiology

right|thumb|300px|The bright colors of Grand Prismatic Spring in [[Yellowstone National Park are produced by thermophiles, a type of extremophile.]]

community of microorganisms in the digestive tracts of humans

right|thumb|Venenivibrio stagnispumantis gains energy by oxidizing hydrogen gas.

Dutch microbiologist (1851–1931)

thumb|right|300px|Staphylococcus aureus biofilm on an indwelling [[catheter]]

GFAJ-1 is a strain of rod-shaped bacteria in the family Halomonadaceae. It is an extremophile that was isolated from the hypersaline and alkaline Mono Lake in eastern California by geobiologist Felisa Wolfe-Simon, a NASA research fellow in residence at the US Geological Survey. In a 2010 Science journal publication, the authors claimed that the microbe, when starved of phosphorus, is capable of substituting arsenic for a small percentage of its phosphorus to sustain its growth. Immediately after publication, other microbiologists and biochemists expressed doubt about this claim, which was robu

thumb|320px|Nitrogen cycle.

Ukrainian microbiologist (1856-1953)

microorganisms in or on human tissues and biofluids

process in which single-celled organisms monitor their population density by detecting the concentration of small, diffusible signal molecules produced by the cells themselves.

thumb|upright=1.5|In metagenomics, the genetic materials (DNA, C) are extracted directly from samples taken from the environment (e.g. soil, sea water, human gut, A) after filtering (B), and are sequenced (E) after multiplication by cloning (D) in an approach called [[shotgun sequencing. These short sequences can then be put together again using assembly methods (F) to deduce the individual genomes or parts of genomes that constitute the original environmental sample. This information can then be used to study the species diversity and functional potential of the microbial community of the env

Methanogens are anaerobic archaea that produce methane as a byproduct of their energy metabolism, i.e., catabolism. Methane production, or methanogenesis, is the only biochemical pathway for ATP generation in methanogens. All known methanogens belong exclusively to the domain Archaea, although some bacteria, plants, and animal cells are also known to produce methane. However, the biochemical pathway for methane production in these organisms differs from that in methanogens and does not contribute to ATP formation. Methanogens belong to various phyla within the domain Archaea. Previous studies

microorganisms which "breathe" sulfates

thumb|200px|A representation of the endosymbiotic theory

thumb|220px|A bioreactor containing the anammox bacterium Kuenenia stuttgartiensis

Diazotrophs are organisms capable of nitrogen fixation, i.e. converting the relatively inert diatomic nitrogen (N2) in Earth's atmosphere into bioavailable compound forms such as ammonia. Diazotrophs are typically microorganisms such as bacteria and archaea, with examples being rhizobia and Frankia and Azospirillum. All diazotrophs contain iron-molybdenum or iron-vanadium nitrogenase systems, and two of the most studied systems are those of Klebsiella pneumoniae and Azotobacter vinelandii due to their genetic tractability and their fast growth.

device for culturing microorganisms

biochemical signaling that takes place between the gastrointestinal tract (GI tract) and the central nervous system

Prochlorococcus is a genus of very small (0.6 μm) marine cyanobacteria with an unusual pigmentation (chlorophyll a2 and b2). These bacteria belong to the photosynthetic picoplankton and are probably the most abundant photosynthetic organism on Earth. Prochlorococcus microbes are among the major primary producers in the ocean, responsible for a large percentage of the photosynthetic production of oxygen. Prochlorococcus strains, called ecotypes, have physiological differences enabling them to exploit different ecological niches. Analysis of the genome sequences of Prochlorococcus strains s

Solemyidae is a family of saltwater clams, marine protobranch bivalve mollusks in the order Solemyida.

community of microorganisms of the skin

former research initiative

candidate species of bacterium

Mikrobial loop

study of the ecology of microorganisms

Russian academician and physician (1867-1928)

The Planctomycetota are a phylum of widely distributed bacteria, occurring in both aquatic and terrestrial habitats. They play a considerable role in global carbon and nitrogen cycles, with many species of this phylum capable of anaerobic ammonium oxidation, also known as anammox. Many Planctomycetota occur in relatively high abundance as biofilms, often associating with other organisms such as macroalgae and marine sponges.

Halotolerance is the ability of organisms to live in salt concentrations beyond which is necessary for their growth. Halotolerant species are found in saline waters and soils. Halotolerant microorganisms include bacteria, archaea, and fungi. Halophilic microorganisms require salt to grow; halotolerant organisms may be classified as some degree halophilic, but are often contrasted from halophiles because halotolerant organisms do not require a high-salinity environment. Halotolerant microorganisms are of considerable biotechnological interest as their roles in saline ecosystems remains unknown.

candidate species of bacterium

species of Cyanobacteria

non-profit organization in the USA

Micropollutants are substances that even at very low concentrations have adverse effects on different environmental matrices. They are an inhomogeneous group of anthroprogenic chemical compounds that is discharged by human to the environment. Commonly known micropollutants that might pose possible threats to ecological environments are, to name just a few: environmental persistent pharmaceutical pollutants and personal care products, pesticides, stimulants, persistent organic pollutants, and artificial sweeteners To date, most of the scientists have identified wastewater treatment plants

Cable bacteria are filamentous bacteria that conduct electricity across distances over 1 cm in sediment and groundwater aquifers

Sulfurospirillum (/ˌsʌlfɜːroʊspɪˈrɪlʌm/ SULF-ur-oh-spə-RIHL-um) is a genus of the gram-negative, aerotolerant, rod-shaped bacteria in the family Campylobactaeraceae.

American microbiologist

Phycisphaerae is a class of aquatic bacteria. They reproduce by budding and are found in samples of algae in marine water. Organisms in this group are spherical and have a holdfast, at the tip of a thin cylindrical extension from the cell body called the stalk, at the nonreproductive end that helps them to attach to each other during budding.