Eponymous paradoxes

thought experiment

apparent contradiction between the lack of evidence and high probability estimates for the existence of extraterrestrial civilizations

set of philosophical problems

paradox in set theory concerning the set of all sets not containing themselves

thought experiment concerning the continuity of identity of an item which has all its parts replaced

cosmological contradiction between the observed darkness of the night sky and a static universe model

economical theory that increased efficiency in use of a resource also tends to increase consumption of that resource

theorem that there exists a decomposition of a unit solid ball into a finite number of disjoint subsets, which can be put back together in a different way to yield two identical copies of the unit sphere

thought experiment proposed by David Hilbert

Result that no ranked-choice system is spoilerproof

Marquis de Condorcet's observation regarding times when voters' collective preferences are cyclic, even when voters' individual preferences are not

social phenomenon in which a group of people collectively decide on a course of action that is counter to the preferences of many or all of the individuals in the group

logical paradox involving self-reference

problem within the classical interpretation of probability theory: what is the probability that a randomly chosen chord on a circle is longer than a side of an equilateral triangle inscribed in the circle?

thought experiment about a game involving a reliable predictor of the player’s actions

econometric finding

apparent contadiction in metamathematics

AI thought experiment

paradox that the number of possible protein-folding configurations is too large, so that it is impossible that the lowest-energy configuration will be found purely thermodynamically

self-referential paradox

empirical paradox that point in time happiness varies with income but over time happiness does not

liar Paradox

phenomenon in which moving an element from one set to another set raises the average values of both sets

situation in which two players (firms) reach a state of Nash equilibrium where both firms charge a price equal to marginal cost ("MC")

statistical paradox