Evolutionary biology

philosophical concept

type of mutation

thumb|A prehensile tail Prehensility is the quality of an appendage or organ that has adapted for grasping or holding. The word is derived from the Latin term prehendere, meaning "to grasp". The ability to grasp is likely derived from a number of different origins. The most common are tree-climbing and the need to manipulate food.

mutually beneficial association between individuals of two species

discussion of the meaning and usage of the terms evolution, fact and theory

tendency for maximum complexity to increase over time, though without any overall direction

hypothesis that the eukaryotic cell nucleus evolved from a large DNA virus in a form of endosymbiosis within a methanogenic archaeon

Evolvability is defined as the capacity of a system for adaptive evolution. Evolvability is the ability of a population of organisms to not merely generate genetic diversity, but to generate adaptive genetic diversity, and thereby evolve through natural selection.

emergence of human moral behavior over the course of human evolution

school of biological thought that objects to an exclusively Darwinian or adaptationist explanation of natural selection, arguing that other mechanisms also guide evolution, and sometimes implying that these supersede selection altogether

hypothesis for altruism in evolutionary biology

Biological principle about the differential reproductive success in males versus females

thumb|right|Klepton genetic inheritance in frogs In biology, a klepton (abbreviated kl.) and synklepton (abbreviated sk.) is a species that requires input from another biological taxon (normally from a species which is closely related to the kleptonic species) to complete its reproductive cycle. Specific types of kleptons are zygokleptons, which reproduce by zygogenesis; gynokleptons which reproduce by gynogenesis, and tychokleptons, which reproduce by a combination of both systems.

behavioural and evolutionary strategy adopted by some animals, making a parental investment into the evolutionary fitness of their offspring

hypothetical organism that reproduces directly after being born, produces infinitely many offspring, and lives indefinitely

hypothesis that multicellular life, understood as a superorganism, is suicidal, and that microbial-triggered mass extinctions are attempts to return the Earth to a microbial-dominated state

flower traits that attract pollinators

Evolutions

Adaptationism is a scientific perspective on evolution that focuses on accounting for the products of evolution as collections of adaptive traits, each a product of natural selection with some adaptive rationale.

study of changes in a population's functional characteristics in response to selection over time

thumb|368x368px|Pangenome analysis of Streptococcus agalactiae genomes made with Anvi'o software whose development is led by [[A. Murat Eren. Genomes obtained from Tettelin et al. (2005). Each circle corresponds to one genome and each radius represents a gene family. At the bottom and at right are localized the core genome families. Some families in the core may have more than one homologous gene per genome. In the middle, at the left of the figure the shell genome is observed. At the top left are shown families from the dispensable genome and singletons. ]]

theory; chemical substances (oxytocin) are studied in the context of their roles in producing human experiences and behaviors that are associated with love

group of animals engaged in communal care of offspring

type of biological dispersal

model of evolution which theorizes that most speciation is slow, uniform and gradual

influence of mother's environment and genotype on offspring's phenotype

description of how a trait or gene changes in frequency over time

1802 book by William Paley

use of language of goal-directedness in the context of evolutionary adaptation

self-replicating computer program that mutates and evolves

In zoology, intergradation is the way in which two distinct subspecies are connected via areas where populations are found that have the characteristics of both. There are two types of intergradation: primary and secondary.

possible earliest ancestor of the LUCA ancestral cell

biological entity within the hierarchy of biological organization

list of alternatives to Darwinian Natural Selection

period when evolution was widely accepted, but natural selection was not

thumb|300px|This Leucism|leucistic Indian peacock, Pavo cristatus, is unlikely to find a mate and reproduce in a natural setting due to its unusual coloration. However, its striking colour is appreciated by humans, and may be included in artificial [[selective breeding to produce more individuals with the leucistic phenotype.]]

phenomenon

phenomenon and topic of discourse in evolutionary biology and biomechanics

variety of approaches that extend the theory of Darwinism to other fields

theory in embryology

hypothetical fossil that would falsify evolution

Conflict with siblings for resources

use of antibiotics for any purpose in the husbandry of livestock

control of growth and differentiation by deeply conserved genetic mechanisms

(of a lineage or taxon) one that is inherited from the common ancestor of a clade (or clade group) and has undergone little change since

Type of mutation

Wikimedia portal

voluntarily prosocial behaviour

Hjernevask ("Brainwash") is a Norwegian documentary miniseries about science that aired on NRK1 in 2010. The series, consisting of seven episodes, was created for NRK and presented by the comedian and sociologist Harald Eia.

postulate in biology

scientific concept

origin and diversification of snake venom through geologic time

attributes of living species that are best explained as having been favorably selected due to coevolution with other species that have since become extinct

model of the evolution of genetic incompatibility

unit of evolutionary change

origin and subsequent evolution of the process by which light energy is used to synthesize sugars

Darwinian evolution of self-replicating entities within framework of physical chemistry

ecogeographical principle

hypothesis that, in the course of evolution, some entirely new properties, such as mind and consciousness, appear at certain critical points

evolutionary hypothesis