Evolutionary biology

retention of juvenile traits into adulthood

Differential transmission of genes residing in the same genome

evolutionary phenomenon in which the process of adaptation causes the population to become extinct

strategy employed by many organisms to avoid consumption by producing toxic or repellent metabolites

television series

The Urmetazoan is the hypothetical last common ancestor of all animals. The name derives from metazoa, an old biological term for animals. It is universally accepted to have been a multicellular heterotroph — with the novelties of a germline and oogamy, an extracellular matrix (ECM) and basement membrane, cell-cell and cell-ECM adhesions and signaling pathways, collagen IV and fibrillar collagen, different cell types (as well as expanded gene and protein families), spatial regulation and a complex developmental plan, and relegated unicellular stages.

Measure used in population genetics

genetic mutation not inherited from a parent

evolutionary origin and subsequent development of cells

in evolutionary biology

evolutionary advantage for genetic recombination

origin and diversification of butterflies through geologic time

Ability of female mammals to adjust the sex ratio of their offspring

group protection theory

development of bacteria throughout time

persistence of a characteristic or trait in a biological system under perturbations or conditions of uncertainty

class of proteins that combine several autonomous functions on a single polypeptide chain

evolutionary biology concept of prevention of negative inbreeding effects

thumb|321x321px Cross-resistance is when something develops resistance to several substances that have a similar mechanism of action. For example, if a certain type of bacteria develops antimicrobial resistance to one antibiotic, that bacteria will also have resistance to several other antibiotics that target the same protein or use the same route to get into the bacterium. A real example of cross-resistance occurred for nalidixic acid and ciprofloxacin, which are both quinolone antibiotics. When bacteria developed resistance to ciprofloxacin, they also developed resistance to nalidixic acid b

term

ecology term indicating that behavior which increases reproductive success

species of sponges

limit on the speed of beneficial evolution, first calculated by J. B. S. Haldane in 1957, and clarified further by later commentators

organisms capable of living at high altitudes

component of George Gaylord Simpson's multi-tempoed theory of evolution

study of developmental programs and patterns in plants from an evolutionary perspective

hybrid lizard

large endorheic basin mainly in Kenya and Ethiopia

Heterotopy is an evolutionary change in the spatial arrangement of an organism's embryonic development, complementary to heterochrony, a change to the rate or timing of a development process. It was first identified by Ernst Haeckel in 1866 and has remained less well studied than heterochrony.

In biology, co-adaptation is the process by which two or more species, genes or phenotypic traits undergo adaptation as a pair or group. This occurs when two or more interacting characteristics undergo natural selection together in response to the same selective pressure or when selective pressures alter one characteristic and consecutively alter the interactive characteristic. These interacting characteristics are only beneficial when together, sometimes leading to increased interdependence. Co-adaptation and coevolution, although similar in process, are not the same; co-adaptation refers to

sexual coercion among non-human animals

mock Latin phrase referring to a consumerist society

study of the evolutionary development of ageing processes

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human disease

adaptation of pathogens to reduce the protection of vaccines

Megaevolution is the most dramatic events in evolution. It is no longer suggested that the evolutionary processes involved are necessarily special, although in some cases they might be. Whereas macroevolution can apply to relatively modest changes that produced diversification of species and genera and are readily compared to microevolution, "megaevolution" is used for great changes. Megaevolution has been extensively debated because it has been seen as a possible objection to Charles Darwin's theory of gradual evolution by natural selection.

theory suggesting that adaptive evolution may proceed most quickly when subpopulations have restricted gene flow

evolutionary adaptation of some poulations

coordinated view of behavioral changes, due to feeling sick, bedridden, or under the weather

substances, signals or objects that attract living organisms