Extrapyramidal and movement disorders

rare neurodegenerative disorder of the central nervous system characterized by unwanted choreatic movements, behavioral and psychiatric disturbances and dementia

disabling neurological pathology characterized by the irresistible urge to move the legs

Chorea, or (rarely) choreia, () is an abnormal involuntary movement disorder, characterized by quick movements of the hands or feet. It is one of a group of neurological disorders called dyskinesias. The term chorea is derived , as the movements of the body are comparable to dancing.

rare neurologic disorder characterized by progressive rigidity and stiffness in truncal muscles, spasms, postural deformities, chronic pain, impaired mobility, and lumbar hyperlordosis

Dystonia is a neurological hyperkinetic movement disorder in which sustained or repetitive muscle contractions occur involuntarily, resulting in twisting and repetitive movements or abnormal fixed postures. The movements may resemble a tremor. Dystonia is often intensified or exacerbated by physical activity, and symptoms may progress into adjacent muscles.

Blepharospasm is a neurological disorder characterized by intermittent, involuntary spasms and contractions of the orbicularis oculi (eyelid) muscles around both eyes. These result in abnormal twitching or blinking, and in the extreme, sustained eyelid closure resulting in functional blindness.

neurodegenerative disease characterized by supranuclear gaze palsy, postural instability, progressive rigidity, and mild dementia

nervous system disease that is characterized by hyperthermia, muscular rigidity, autonomic dysfunction and altered consciousness and is associated with administration of antipsychotic and other central dopaminergic blockers

neurodegenerative disorder characterized by autonomic failure, parkinsonism, cerebellar impairment and corticospinal signs, with a median survival of 6-9 years

movement disorder causing involuntary tremors, especially in the hand

Myoclonus is a brief, involuntary, irregular (lacking rhythm) twitching of a muscle, a joint, or a group of muscles, different from clonus, which is rhythmic or regular. Myoclonus (myo- "muscle", clonus "spasm") describes a medical sign and, generally, is not a diagnosis of a disease. It belongs to the hyperkinetic movement disorders, among tremor and chorea for example. These myoclonic twitches, jerks, or seizures are usually caused by sudden muscle contractions (positive myoclonus) or brief lapses of contraction (negative myoclonus). The most common circumstance under which they occur is whi

Parkinsonism is a clinical syndrome characterized by tremor, bradykinesia (slowed movements), rigidity, and postural instability.

Dyskinesia is a category of movement disorders that are characterized by involuntary muscle movements, including movements similar to tics or chorea and diminished voluntary movements. Dyskinesia can be anything from a slight tremor of the hands to an uncontrollable movement of the upper body or lower extremities. Discoordination can also occur internally especially with the respiratory muscles and it often goes unrecognized. Dyskinesia is a symptom of several medical disorders that are distinguished by their underlying causes.

drug-induced movement disorders

clinical syndromes with either an excess of movement or a paucity of voluntary and involuntary movements

neurodegeneration with brain iron accumulation that has_material_basis_in autosomal recessive inheritance of mutation in the PANK2 gene on chromosome 20p13

human disease

Hemiballismus or hemiballism is a basal ganglia syndrome resulting from damage to the subthalamic nucleus in the basal ganglia. It is a rare hyperkinetic movement disorder, that is characterized by pronounced involuntary limb movements on one side of the body and can cause significant disability. Rarely it affects both sides of the body. Symptoms can decrease during sleep.

neurologic disorder

cranio-facial dystonia that is accompanied by blepharospasm

dyskinetic disorder characterized by a broad, coarse, and low frequency tremor

drug side effect

chemical compound

dystonia characterized by myoclonic jerks affecting mostly proximal muscles and dystonia, usually torticollis or writer's cramp, that typically responds to alcohol and has onset in the first of second decade of life

neurodegenerative disease characterized by progressive iron accumulation in the basal ganglia and other regions of the brain, resulting in extrapyramidal movements, such as parkinsonism and dystonia

disease believed to be caused by a viral illness that triggers degeneration of the nerve cells in the substantia nigra. Overall, this degeneration leads to clinical parkinsonism

mitochondrial metabolism disease that is characterized by hearing loss that begins early in life, problems with movement, impaired vision, and behavior problems

sequela of hypoxic encephalopathy

Human disease

neurodevelopmental motor disorder

movement disease characterized by involuntary movements of one side of the body that mirror intentional movements on the opposite side primarily involving the upper limbs