Figures of speech

human tendency to adopt beliefs and behaviors favored by one's peer group, instead of thinking independently

Procatalepsis, also called prolepsis or prebuttal, is a figure of speech in which the speaker raises an objection to their own argument and then immediately answers it. By doing so, the speaker hopes to strengthen the argument by dealing with possible counterarguments before the audience can raise them.

In rhetoric, epizeuxis, also known as palilogia, is the repetition of a word or phrase in immediate succession, typically within the same sentence, for vehemence or emphasis. A closely related rhetorical device is diacope, which involves word repetition that is broken up by a single intervening word, or a small number of intervening words.

A prosopopoeia (, ) is a rhetorical device in which a non-human element speaks or is spoken to as a human. The term derives from the Greek words () and ().

attribution of human emotion and conduct to non-human things

A synalepha or synaloepha is the merging of two syllables into one, especially when it causes two words to be pronounced as one.

thinking of the perfect reply too late

Hypotaxis is the grammatical arrangement of functionally similar but "unequal" constructs (from Greek hypo- "beneath", and taxis "arrangement"); certain constructs have more importance than others inside a sentence.

euphemistic figure of speech

Latin phrase meaning "the whole for a part"; form of metonymy

Enallage (; , ) is one type of scheme of rhetorical figures of speech which is used to refer to the use of tense, form, or person for a grammatically incorrect counterpart.

figure of speech reversing a natural or rational order

relationship involving simultaneous or alternating emotions of love and hate

rhetoric al figure

Isocolon is a rhetorical scheme in which parallel elements possess the same number of words or syllables. As in any form of parallelism, the pairs or series must enumerate like things to achieve symmetry. The scheme is called bicolon, tricolon, or tetracolon depending on whether they are two, three, or four parallel elements.

doctrine of artistic creativity according to which the creative process should be based on the close imitation of the masterpieces of the preceding authors

An epanorthosis is a figure of speech that signifies emphatic word replacement. "Thousands—no, millions!" is a stock example. Epanorthosis as immediate and emphatic self-correction often follows a Freudian slip (either accidental or deliberate).

Accumulatio is a figure of speech, part of the more general group of enumeratio, in which the statements made previously are presented again in a compact, forceful manner. Accumulatio describes a gathering of either praise or criticism to emphasize previous discourse. It often uses a climax for the summation of a speech.

commonly used phrase used to propagate cognitive dissonance

Metalepsis (from , ) is a figure of speech in which a word or a phrase from figurative speech is used in a new context. Ancient Roman academic Quintilian described metalepsis as an "intermediate step" to the original phrase, and its meaning depends upon its connection to the idiom from which it derives. Harold Bloom called metalepsis a "metonymy of a metonymy" because it uses part of an established trope to refer to the whole.

figure of speech describing an impossible event

Hendiatris ( ; ) is a figure of speech used for emphasis, in which three words are used to express one idea. The phrases "sun, sea and sand", and "wine, women and song" are examples.

form of dishonoring or disgracing a group or person

rhetorical device

literary technique used in Biblical Hebrew to describe prophesied events in the past tense

Hypophora, also referred to as anthypophora or antipophora, is a figure of speech in which the speaker poses a question and then answers the question. Hypophora can consist of a single question answered in a single sentence, a single question answered in a paragraph or even a section, or a series of questions, each answered in subsequent paragraphs. Hypophora is used (1) as a transitional device, to take the discussion in a new direction, (2) a device to catch attention, since a reader's curiosity is stimulated by hearing a question, and (3) to suggest and answer questions the reader might not

a situation in which a group of people act to obtain short-term individual gains, which in the long run leads to a loss for the group as a whole

Merism (, ) is a rhetorical device (or figure of speech) in which a combination of two contrasting parts of the whole refer to the whole.

sports or games team that competes from the 'rest of the world' as opposed to a single country

Paradiastole, in a trope sense, (from Greek παραδιαστολή from παρά para "next to, alongside", and διαστολή diastole "separation, distinction") is the reframing of a vice as a virtue, often with the use of euphemism, for example, "Yes, I know it does not work all the time, but that is what makes it interesting." It is often used ironically.

figure of speech

by Dionysius of Halicarnassus, the first formulation, in the West, of the doctrine of imitation

A paraprosdokian (), or '''par'hyponoian''', is a figure of speech in which the latter part of a sentence, phrase, or larger discourse is surprising or unexpected in a way that causes the reader or listener to reframe or reinterpret the first part. It is frequently used for humorous or dramatic effect, sometimes producing an anticlimax. For this reason, it is extremely popular among comedians and satirists, such as Groucho Marx.

The homeoptoton (from the Greek homoióptoton, "similar in the cases") is a figure of speech consisting in ending the last words of a distinct part of the speech with the same syllable or letter.

"Lebdeğmez atışma" or "Dudak değmez aşık atışması" in Turkey, whose literal meaning in Turkish is "two troubadours throwing verses at each other where lips do not touch each other", is the traditional and still practiced event of oratory match, a form of instantaneously improvised poetry sang by opposing Ashiks taking turns for artfully criticising each other with one verse at a time, is done by each first placing a pin between their upper and lower lips so that the improvised song, usually accompanied by a Saz (played by the ashik himself), consists only of labial lipograms i.e. without words

Epanodos is a figure of speech used when the same word or two similar words are repeated within a passage of text.

biblical episode (Gen. 25:29–34) in which Esau sells his birthright to Jacob for lentil stew

figure of speech that relies on the structure of the sentence

Anacoenosis is a figure of speech in which the speaker poses a question to an audience in a way that demonstrates a common interest.

emotionally charged expression with intense connotations but without denotation