Fluid mechanics

Pressure (symbol: p or P) is the force applied perpendicular to the surface of an object per unit area over which that force is distributed. Gauge pressure (also spelled gage pressure) is the pressure relative to the ambient pressure.

branch of physics concerned with the mechanics of fluids (liquids, gases, and plasmas) and the forces on them; branch of continuum mechanics

thumb|Simulation of thermal convection in the Earth's mantle. Hot areas are shown in red, cold areas are shown in blue. A hot, less-dense material at the bottom moves upwards, and likewise, cold material from the top moves downwards.

thumb|The forces at work in buoyancy. The object floats at rest because the upward force of buoyancy is equal to the downward force of gravity.

principle in fluid mechanics

equation describing the state of matter under a given set of physical conditions

weight per volume of a material

in fluid mechanics, state in which compression due to gravity is balanced by a pressure gradient which creates a pressure gradient force in the opposite direction

thumb|A water nozzle

thumb| A hot air balloon produced through the application of Aerostatic principles A subfield of fluid statics, aerostatics is the study of gases that are not in motion with respect to the coordinate system in which they are considered. The corresponding study of gases in motion is called aerodynamics.

globule of one substance in another, usually gas in a liquid

optical shape property of the surface of a liquid in its container

glass object created by dripping molten glass into cold water

thumb|upright=1.3|Ferrofluid on glass, with a neodymium magnet underneath thumb|Steve Papell invented ferrofluid for NASA in 1963

decorative lamp with container of bolus in clear liquid, which heats up at the bottom and rises before cooling and falling back to the bottom

thumb|alt=Close-up of a drop of water (almost spherical) on blue fabric, with a shadow under it|Water bead on a fabric that has been made non-wetting by chemical treatment.

fluid fully characterized by its density and isotropic pressure

type of inertial wave in the atmospheres and oceans of planets that largely owe their properties to rotation of the planet

Hemodynamics or haemodynamics are the dynamics of blood flow. The circulatory system is controlled by homeostatic mechanisms of autoregulation, just as hydraulic circuits are controlled by control systems. The hemodynamic response continuously monitors and adjusts to conditions in the body and its environment. Hemodynamics explains the physical laws that govern the flow of blood in the blood vessels.

angle between a liquid–vapor interface and a solid surface

physical phenomenon in which tea leaves in a stirred cup of tea migrate to the center and bottom of the cup

fluid which has zero compressibility

physical phenomenon

Vertical rate of change of temperature in atmosphere

surface of a fluid that is subject to constant perpendicular stress of pressures in equilibrium and zero parallel shear stress; surface not created by the container

thumb|A ball on the top of a hill is an unstable situation. In dynamical systems, instability means that some of the outputs or internal states increase with time, without bounds. Not all systems that are not stable are unstable; systems can also be marginally stable or exhibit limit cycle behavior.

right|thumb|A slurry composed of glass beads in silicone oil flowing down an inclined plane thumb|Potato starch slurry A slurry is a mixture of denser solids suspended in liquid, usually water. The most common use of slurry is as a means of transporting solids or separating minerals, the liquid being a carrier that is pumped on a device such as a centrifugal pump. The size of solid particles may vary from 1 micrometre up to hundreds of millimetres. The particles may settle below a certain transport velocity and the mixture can behave like a Newtonian or non-Newtonian fluid. Depending on the mi

movement of solid particles, typically by gravity and fluid entrainment

type of wave in the ocean or atmosphere

3D generalization of the Leibniz integral rule

branch of fluid mechanics

physical phenomenon occuring when an object is largely immersed in a fluid, pushing it out of the way and taking its place

Romanian engineer (1881-1965)

NPSHr

Austrian mathematician and physicist (1893–1976)

gas or liquid used to transfer force, motion, or mechanical or thermal energy

mathematical model for turbulence

structure that splits or combines fluid flow into channels

American chemist

type of liquid flow within a closed conduit

Parachor is a quantity related to surface tension that was proposed by S. Sugden in 1924. It is defined according to the formula:

loss of energy in a pipe through friction along the edge

characteristic number for the pressure drop in a pipe due to friction in a laminar or turbulent flow

aspect of history

mixing of fluids due to eddy currents

flow of orifice

phenomenon inside a glass of wine

liquids in slack tanks

erosion of sediment near bridge foundations by water

Type of graph

A nanofluid is a fluid containing nanometer-sized particles, called nanoparticles. These fluids are engineered colloidal suspensions of nanoparticles in a base fluid. The nanoparticles used in nanofluids are typically made of metals, oxides, carbides, or carbon nanotubes. Common base fluids include water, ethylene glycol, and oil.

physics thought experiment popularized by Richard Feynman, consisting of a sprinkler-like device which is submerged in a tank and made to suck in the surrounding fluid

aspect of history

movement of liquid inside another moving object

Form of shear stress

effect

Atmospheric and ocean flow equations

Interaction of a structure with a fluid flow