thumb|Simulation of thermal convection in the Earth's mantle. Hot areas are shown in red, cold areas are shown in blue. A hot, less-dense material at the bottom moves upwards, and likewise, cold material from the top moves downwards.
Convection is the process where hot, less-dense material rises while cold, denser material sinks, creating a circulation pattern—as shown in Earth's mantle where hot rock moves upward and cold rock descends. This process matters because it is a fundamental way that heat moves through the Earth's interior and drives large-scale geological changes.
AI-generated from the Wikipedia summary — may contain errors.
via PubMed
thumb|Simulation of thermal convection in the Earth's mantle. Hot areas are shown in red, cold areas are shown in blue. A hot, less-dense material at the bottom moves upwards, and likewise, cold material from the top moves downwards.
Convection is the transfer of heat through the physical movement of fluids (liquids or gases), where warmer, less-dense material rises and cooler, denser material sinks.
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