Former colonies in Africa

Seychelles (, ; ), officially the Republic of Seychelles (; Seychellois Creole: ), is an island country and archipelagic state consisting of 115 islands in the Indian Ocean. Its capital and largest city, Victoria, is east of mainland Africa. Nearby island countries and territories include the Maldives, Comoros, Madagascar, Mauritius, and the French overseas departments of Mayotte and Réunion to the south; and the Chagos Archipelago to the east. Seychelles is the smallest country in Africa as well as the least populated sovereign African country, with an estimated population of 100,600 in 2022.

São Tomé and Príncipe, officially the Democratic Republic of São Tomé and Príncipe, is an island country in the Gulf of Guinea, off the western equatorial coast of Central Africa. It consists of two archipelagos around the two main islands of São Tomé and Príncipe, about 81 nautical miles apart and about 135 and 121 nautical miles off the northwestern coast of Gabon. With a population of 201,800, São Tomé and Príncipe is the second-smallest and second-least populous African sovereign state after Seychelles.

Réunion (; ; ; known as before 1848) is an island in the Indian Ocean that is an overseas department and region of France within the African region. Part of the Mascarene Islands, it is located approximately east of the island of Madagascar and southwest of the island of Mauritius. , it had a population of 910,985. Its capital and largest city is Saint-Denis.

thumb|View of Bioko from satellite Bioko (; ; ; historically known as Fernando Pó, ) is an island of Equatorial Guinea. It is located south of the coast of Cameroon, and northwest of the northernmost part of mainland Equatorial Guinea. Malabo, on the north coast of the island, is the former capital city of Equatorial Guinea. Bioko's population was 335,048 at the 2015 census and it covers an area of , making it the fourth largest island in Africa (after Madagascar, Socotra and Tenerife). The island is part of the Cameroon line of volcanoes and is located off the Cameroon coast, in the Bight of

former Belgian colony corresponding to the modern-day Democratic Republic of the Congo

area in Central Africa controlled by Leopold II of Belgium (1885–1908)

archipelago east of Madagascar

former German possession in the African Great Lakes region between 1884–1919

French colonial federation in west Africa from 1895 to 1958

capital city of Central Region in Ghana

former colony of the German Empire

former federation of French colonial possessions in Central Africa

French colony in Northern Africa from 1830 to 1962

former country (1958–1984) in West Africa

Italian possession in East Africa between 1936 and 1941

self-governing British colony from 1923 to 1980

Ruanda-Urundi (), later Rwanda-Burundi, was a mandate and later trust territory ruled by Belgium between 1916 and 1962.

French colonial territory in West Africa from 1880 to 1960, now Mali

1912–1956 protectorate in northwest Africa

Kamerun was an African protectorate of the German Empire from 1884 to 1916 in the region of today's Republic of Cameroon. Kamerun also included northern parts of Gabon and the Congo with western parts of the Central African Republic, southwestern parts of Chad and far northeastern parts of Nigeria.

Togoland, officially the Togoland Protectorate (; ), was a protectorate of the German Empire in West Africa from 1884 to 1914, encompassing what is now the nation of Togo and most of what is now the Volta Region of Ghana, approximately 90,400 km2 (29,867 sq mi) in size. During the period known as the "Scramble for Africa", the colony was established in 1884 and was gradually extended inland.

former Spanish North African colonial possession

1912–1956 protectorate in northwest Africa

1934–1943 Italian possession in North Africa

colony of the Kingdom of Italy in Somalia

1575-1975 Portuguese possession in West Africa

British protectorate in southern Africa, became Botswana in 1966

1881-1956 monarchy in Northern Africa

Basutoland was a British Crown colony that existed from 1884 to 1966 in present-day Lesotho, bordered with the Cape Colony, Natal Colony and Orange River Colony until 1910 and completely surrounded by South Africa from 1910. Though the Basotho (then known as Basuto) and their territory had been under British control starting in 1868 (and ruled by Cape Colony from 1871), the rule by Cape Colony was unpopular and unable to control the territory. As a result, Basutoland was brought under direct authority of Queen Victoria, via the High Commissioner, and run by an Executive Council presided over b

1498–1975 Portuguese possession in East Africa

Annobón (; ) is a province of Equatorial Guinea. The province consists of the island of Annobón and its associated islets in the Gulf of Guinea. Annobón is the smallest province of Equatorial Guinea in both area and population. According to the 2015 census, Annobón had 5,323 inhabitants, a small population increase from the 5,008 registered by the 2001 census. The official language is Spanish but most of the inhabitants speak a creole form of Portuguese. The island's main industries are fishing and forestry.

former French colony in Central Africa

The Territory of Ifni () was a Spanish province on the Atlantic coast of Morocco, south of Agadir and across from the Canary Islands. It had a total area of , and a population of 51,517 in 1964. The main industry was fishing. The present-day Moroccan province in the same area is called Sidi Ifni, with its capital in the city of the same name, but encompassing a much larger territory.

British colony from 1843 to 1910

former French colony in the Horn of Africa

former colony of French West Africa

Ubangi-Shari () was a French colony in central Africa, a part of French Equatorial Africa. It was named after the Ubangi and Chari rivers along which it was colonised.

former British Mandate territory in West Africa

French colony in West Africa (1891-1958); now the country of Guinea

former French colonial mandate

former French colony

British colony in South Africa (1902-1910)

1474–1974 Portuguese possession in West Africa

1926–1968 Spanish possession in West Africa

Italian 1890-1947 possession in East Africa

former British mandate territory in East Africa

former French Mandate territory

Prussian colony located in modern Ghana, 1683-1721

Dutch possession in Western Africa between 1598 and 1872

French former colony in Djibouti (1967-1977)

Danish colony in Africa from 1658 to 1850

former French colony

former British colony and protectorate in West Africa

Swedish colony founded in 1650 by Hendrik Carloff on the Gulf of Guinea in present-day Ghana in Africa

Spanish colony from 1946 to 1958

former country in West Africa (1834–1857) in present-day Liberia founded by African-Americans from Maryland, U.S.

former territory of French West Africa

former colony of the Portuguese Empire in the Cape Verde Islands

association founded on 17 November 1879 by Leopold II of Belgium to further his interests in the Congo and recognised by the Berlin Conference as sovereign over the territories it controlled

former colony of France