Fortified settlements

Nicosia, also known as Lefkosia or Lefkoşa, is the capital of Cyprus. Its northern part is the de facto capital of Northern Cyprus. It is the southeasternmost capital city among European Union member states.

city in Veliko Tarnovo municipality, Veliko Tarnovo oblast, Bulgaria

Thessaloniki (; ; also known by various spellings and names) is a city in northern Greece. The nation's second-largest, with slightly over one million inhabitants in its metropolitan area, it is the capital of the geographic region of Macedonia, the administrative region of Central Macedonia and the Decentralized Administration of Macedonia and Thrace. It is also known in Greek as , literally "the co-capital", a reference to its historical status as the "co-reigning" city () of the Byzantine Empire alongside Constantinople.

York is a cathedral city in North Yorkshire, England, with Roman origins, sited at the confluence of the rivers Ouse and Foss. It has many historic buildings and other structures, including the minster, castle and city walls, all of which are Grade I listed. It is the traditional county town of Yorkshire, and the administrative centre of the City of York district. It is located north-east of Leeds, south of Newcastle upon Tyne and north of London. York's built-up area had a recorded population of 141,685 at the 2021 census.

Dubrovnik, historically also known as Ragusa, is a city in southern Dalmatia, Croatia, by the Adriatic Sea. It is one of the most prominent tourist destinations in the Mediterranean, a seaport and the centre of the Dubrovnik-Neretva County. In 2021, its total population was 41,562. Recognizing its outstanding medieval architecture and fortifications, UNESCO inscribed the Old City of Dubrovnik as a World Heritage Site in 1979.

thumb|right|upright|Lucca Cathedral Lucca ( , ) is a city and comune in Tuscany, Central Italy, on the Serchio River, in a fertile plain.

Košice is the largest city in eastern Slovakia. It is situated on the river Hornád at the eastern reaches of the Slovak Ore Mountains, near the border with Hungary and Ukraine. With a population of approximately 230,000, Košice is the second-largest city in Slovakia, after the capital Bratislava.

Carcassonne is a French fortified city in the department of Aude, region of Occitania. It is the prefecture of the department.

French commune and prefecture of Charente-Maritime, New Aquitaine

Heraklion, Herakleion ( ; , , , not to be mistaken with Heracleion, Egypt) or Iraklion, is the largest city and the administrative capital of the island of Crete and capital of Heraklion regional unit. It is the fourth largest city in Greece, and the largest city in the Greek islands, with a municipal population of 179,302 (2021) and 211,370 in its wider metropolitan area, according to the 2011 census. The greater area of Heraklion has been continuously inhabited since at least 7000 BCE, making it one of the oldest inhabited regions in Europe. It is also home to the ancient Knossos Palace, a m

Boulogne-sur-Mer (; ; ; or Bononia), often called just Boulogne (, ), is a port city in Northern France. It is a sub-prefecture of the department of Pas-de-Calais. Boulogne lies on the Côte d'Opale, a touristic stretch of French coast on the English Channel between Calais and Normandy, and the most visited location in the region after the Lille conurbation. Boulogne is its department's third-largest city after Calais and Arras. It is also the country's largest fishing port, specialising in herring.

Mont-Saint-Michel (; Norman: Mont Saint Miché; ) is a tidal island and mainland commune in Normandy, France.

city in Arad County, Romania

Chester is a cathedral city in Cheshire, England, on the River Dee, close to the England–Wales border. It had a built-up area population of 92,760 in 2021, it is the most populous settlement in the borough of Cheshire West and Chester. It is the historic county town of Cheshire and the second-largest settlement in Cheshire after Warrington.

walled area within the modern city of Jerusalem

city in Romania

city on the homonymous island, Greece

town in Germany

Dinan (; ) is a walled Breton town and a commune in the Côtes-d'Armor department in northwestern France. On 1 January 2018, the former commune of Léhon was merged into Dinan.

Bardejov (; , , , , ) is a town in northeastern Slovakia. It is situated in the Šariš region on a floodplain terrace of the Topľa River, in the hills of the Beskyd Mountains. It exhibits numerous cultural monuments in its completely intact medieval town center. The town is one of UNESCO's World Heritage Sites and currently maintains a population of about 32,000 inhabitants.

Plasencia () is a city and municipality in Spain, located in the northern part of the province of Cáceres in the autonomous community of Extremadura. The municipality does not form part of any municipal association with surrounding towns and geographically borders municipalities from six municipal associations: Valle del Jerte, La Vera, Monfragüe and its surroundings, Valle del Alagón, Ambroz Valley, and Trasierra - Tierras de Granadilla. Physically, the city is situated at the gateway to the Valle del Jerte, although administratively it does not belong to it, as the four major population cent

Kavala (, Kavála ) is a city in northern Greece, the principal seaport of eastern Macedonia and the capital of Kavala regional unit.

capital of Northern Cyprus

right|thumb|Tower of the Church of the Holy Spirit

commune in Ille-et-Vilaine, France

Serres ( ) is a city in Macedonia, Greece. It is the capital of the Serres regional unit and the second largest city in the region of Central Macedonia, after Thessaloniki.

Loches (; ) is a commune in the department of Indre-et-Loire, Centre-Val de Loire, France.

thumb|Layout of the fortified town Neuf-Brisach ( or , ; , , in contrast to "Old Breisach"; ) is a fortified town and commune of the department of Haut-Rhin in the French region of Alsace. The fortified town was intended to guard the border between France and the Holy Roman Empire and, subsequently, the German states. It was built after the Treaty of Ryswick in 1697 that resulted in France losing the town of Breisach, on the opposite bank of the Rhine. The town's name means New Breisach.

Naarden () is a city and former municipality in the Gooi region in the province of North Holland, Netherlands. It has been part of the new municipality of Gooise Meren since 2016.

Binche (; ; Dutch: Bing) is a city and municipality of Wallonia, in the province of Hainaut, Belgium. Since 1977, the municipality consists of Binche, Bray, Buvrinnes, Épinois, Leval-Trahegnies, Péronnes-lez-Binche, Ressaix, and Waudrez districts.

Nafpaktos () or Naupactus, is a town and a former municipality in Nafpaktia, Aetolia-Acarnania, West Greece, situated on a bay on the north coast of the Gulf of Corinth, west of the mouth of the river Mornos.

World Heritage Site in Khiva, Uzbekistan

the historical core of Baku, World Heritage Site

Modra (, , Latin: Modur) is a city and municipality in the Bratislava Region in Slovakia. It has a population of 9,201 as of 2013. It nestles in the foothills of the Malé Karpaty (Little Carpathian mountains) and is an excellent centre for hiking.

Guérande (; , ; ) is a medieval town located in the department of Loire-Atlantique, and the region of Pays de la Loire, Western France. The inhabitants are referred to as Guérandais (masculine), and Guérandaise (feminine).

Conwy (, ), previously known in English as Conway, is a walled market town, community and the administrative centre of Conwy County Borough in North Wales. The walled town and castle stand on the west bank of the River Conwy, facing Deganwy on the east bank. The town formerly lay in Gwynedd and prior to that in Caernarfonshire. The community, which also includes Deganwy and Llandudno Junction, had a population of 14,753 at the 2011 census.

Ludlow ( ) is a market town and civil parish in south Shropshire, England. It is located south of Shrewsbury and north of Hereford, on the A49 road which bypasses the town. The town is near the confluence of the rivers Corve and Teme.

Tenby () is a seaside town and community in the county of Pembrokeshire, Wales. It lies within Carmarthen Bay. In 2011 it had a population of 4696.

Intramuros () is the historic walled area within the city of Manila, the capital of the Philippines. It is administered by the Intramuros Administration with the help of the city government of Manila.

historic neighborhood in Quebec City, Canada, designated a UNESCO World Heritage Site

thumb|Old Delhi, Yamuna river bank Shahjahanabad, colloquially known as Old Delhi (Hindustani: Purāni Dillī), is a place in the Central Delhi district of Delhi, India. It was founded as a Walled City and officially named Shahjahanabad in 1648, when Shah Jahan decided to shift the Mughal capital from Agra. The construction of the fortified city was completed in 1648, and it remained the capital of Mughal India until its fall in 1857, when the British Empire (whose Indian capital was at Calcutta) took over as paramount power in the Indian subcontinent. After the inauguration of New Delhi as the

historic city centre in Damascus, Syria

Khara-Khoto, also known as Heicheng, is an abandoned city near the Juyan Lake in the sum of Bayan Toroi, about 25 km south of the seat of Ejin Banner in Alxa League at the western end of Inner Mongolia, China. Built in 1032, the city thrived under the rule of the Tangut-led Western Xia dynasty. It has been identified as the city of Etzina, which appears in The Travels of Marco Polo, and hence today's Ejin Banner is named after this city.

ecclesiastical town and residence of the Bishop of Spiš

Horncastle is a market town and civil parish in the East Lindsey district in Lincolnshire, England. It is east of Lincoln. Its population was 6,815 at the 2011 census, growing to an estimated 7,123 in 2019 and recorded as 7,291 in the 2021 census. A section of the ancient Roman walls remains.

Settlement method used by Zionist settlers in Mandatory Palestine

village and civil parish in Norfolk, England, UK

building in Termiz District, Uzbekistan

building in Khiva

hamlet of Grosseto

Zons (), formerly known as Feste Zons (Fortress Zons), today officially called Stadt Zons (Zons Town) is an old town in Germany on the west bank of the Lower Rhine between Cologne and Düsseldorf. It has been a part (Stadtteil) of the town of Dormagen since 1975. In 2020 its population was 5,452.

fortified town and protected heritage, Bosnia and Herzegovina

fortified palace-city in Córdoba, Spain

fortress in Khiva, Uzbekistan

Fort used during the Atlantic slave trade

village in the Spanish province of Guadalajara, in the north of the autonomous community of Castilla-La Mancha