Four species (Sukkot)

The citron (Citrus medica) is a large fragrant citrus fruit with a thick, coarse rind. It resembles a lemon, but is larger. It is one of the original citrus fruits from which all other citrus types developed through natural hybrid speciation or artificial hybridization. Though citron cultivars take on a wide variety of physical forms, they are all closely related genetically. It is used in Asian and Mediterranean cuisine, traditional medicines, perfume, and religious rituals and offerings. Hybrids of citrons with other citrus are commercially more prominent, most notably lemons and many limes,

thumb|300px|Four Species, with the lulav longest in the middle

thumb|An Greek citron|Israeli etrog, with pitam and [[gartel (trough around the center)]] Etrog (, plural: ; Ashkenazi Hebrew: , plural: ), also spelled esrog is the yellow citron (Citrus medica) used by Jews during the weeklong holiday of Sukkot as one of the four species. Together with the lulav, hadass, and aravah, the etrog is taken in hand and held or waved during specific portions of the holiday prayers. Special care is often given to selecting an etrog for the performance of the Sukkot holiday rituals.

a mitzvah held on the seven days of Sukkot

right|thumb|250px|Three hadass branches, seen here in front of the lulav (middle), and the [[aravah branches in the back]]

a leafy branch of the willow tree