Freemasonry-related controversies

Italian nationalist activist, politician, journalist and philosopher

thumb|The Eye of Providence, as seen on the US $1 bill, has been perceived by some to be evidence of a conspiracy linking the [[Founding Fathers of the United States to the Illuminati.]] The Illuminati (; plural of Latin , 'enlightened') is a name given to several groups, both real and fictitious. Historically, the name usually refers to the Bavarian Illuminati, an Enlightenment-era secret society founded on 1 May 1776 in the Electorate of Bavaria. The society's stated goals were to oppose superstition, obscurantism, religious influence over public life, and abuses of state power by monar

American law enforcement administrator (1895–1972)

Serbian secret society

The Carbonari () was an informal network of secret revolutionary societies active in Italy from about 1800 to 1831. The Carbonari may have further influenced other revolutionary groups in France, Portugal, Spain, Brazil, Uruguay, the Ottoman Empire, and Russia. Although their goals often had a patriotic and liberal basis, they lacked a clear immediate political agenda. They were a focus for those unhappy with the repressive political situation in Italy following 1815, especially in the south of the Italian peninsula. Members of the Carbonari, and those influenced by them, took part in importan

Italian occultist, alchemist, and impostor (1743–1795)

2001 film by Albert Hughes, Allen Hughes

Masonic lodge founded in 1877

President of Ecuador (1860-1865; 1869; 1869-1875)

social revolt

German antisemite, freemason and founder of the Thule Society (1875-1945)

Italian banker (1920–1982)

Russian movement in the 1860s that rejected all authorities

Italian Vincentian and archbishop (1912-1982)

Portuguese politician (1871-1937)

Ottoman lawyer and member of the Young Turks (1862-1934)

1890s hoax of exposure by Léo Taxil

conspiracy theories about Freemasons

(1774-1826)

1904-1905 French political scandal

non-fiction work by Stephen Knight

American murderer (1874–1962)

essay by Augustin Barruel

Argentine general and football administrator

Jahbulon or Jabulon or Jahbuhlun (supposedly from , "Jah-Baal-strength") is a word which historically was used, and is allegedly still used in some rituals of Royal Arch Masonry and derivations thereof.

American Civil War surgeon, mob boss and politician (1842–1911)

Canadian translator and scholar (1895–1977)

Russian political organisation (1912–1917)

book by Carbonari