Fringe theory

Explaination of events to untrue causes

thumb|upright=1.35|A typical 19th-century phrenology chart: during the 1820s, phrenologists claimed the mind was located in areas of the brain, and were attacked for doubting that mind came from the nonmaterial soul. Their idea of reading "bumps" in the skull to predict personality traits was later discredited. Phrenology was first termed a pseudoscience in 1843 and continues to be considered so.

Paranormal events are purported or imagined phenomena described in popular culture, folklore, and other non-scientific bodies of knowledge, whose existence within these contexts is described as being beyond the scope of normal scientific understanding. Notable paranormal beliefs include those that pertain to extrasensory perceptions (for example, telepathy), and the pseudosciences of ghost hunting, cryptozoology, and ufology.

thumb|Sonderaktion 1005 was a Nazi project with the explicit goal of hiding or destroying any evidence of the [[mass murder committed under Operation Reinhard. This was one of the earliest attempts at Holocaust denial, taking place while the genocide of the Jews was still ongoing. Scholars consider denial to be an integral part of genocide itself.]] thumb|The Lost Cause of the Confederacy is a negationist ideology which falsely claims that the spread of slavery was not the central cause of the [[American Civil War.]] thumb|The Iğdır Genocide Memorial and Museum in [[Turkey promotes the false n

Pseudoarchaeology (sometimes called fringe archaeology and previously also called alternative archaeology) consists of attempts to study, interpret, or teach about the subject-matter of archaeology while rejecting, ignoring, or misunderstanding the accepted data-gathering and analytical methods of the discipline. These pseudoscientific interpretations involve the use of artifacts, sites or materials to construct scientifically insubstantial theories to strengthen the pseudoarchaeologists' claims. Methods include exaggeration of evidence, dramatic or romanticized conclusions, use of fallacious

inquiry in an established field of study which departs significantly from mainstream theories in that field and is considered to be questionable by the mainstream

theory unsupported by the accepted scholarship in its field