Genocides in Europe

The Holocaust, known in Hebrew as the Shoah, was the genocide of European Jews during World War II. From 1941 to 1945, Nazi Germany and its collaborators systematically murdered around six million Jews across German-occupied Europe, approximately two-thirds of Europe's Jewish population. The murders were committed primarily through mass shootings across Eastern Europe and poison gas chambers in extermination camps, chiefly Auschwitz-Birkenau, Treblinka, Belzec, Sobibor, Chełmno and Majdanek death camps in occupied Poland. Concurrent Nazi persecutions killed millions of other non-Jewish civilians and prisoners of war (POWs); the term Holocaust is sometimes used to include the murder and persecution of non-Jewish groups, such as the Romani and Soviet POWs.

The Holodomor, also known as the Ukrainian famine, was a massive man-made famine in Soviet Ukraine from 1932 to 1933 that killed millions of Ukrainians. The Holodomor was part of the wider Soviet famine of 1930–1933 which affected the major grain-producing areas of the Soviet Union.

Soviet campaign of political repression, imprisonment, and execution (August 1936 - March 1938)

war (58–50 BCE) between the Roman Republic and Gaul

1209 military campaigns against Catharism in southern France

mass murder against Roma people in Europe

transfer and deportation of people in the Soviet Union

violent transfer of children from the occupied lands of Ukraine to Russia during the Russian-Ukrainian war for the purpose of their Russification and genocide of the Ukrainian nation

genocide perpetrated by Serbs against Bosnians

Hungary's two-year period (1919-1921) of repressive violence by counter-revolutionary soldiers, carried out to crush any opposition supportive of short-lived Soviet republic and its Red Terror

In Occitan, vergonha (, ) refers to the effects of various language discriminatory policies of the government of France on its minority or regional languages, (including Romance languages such as Occitan and Catalan, as well as non-Romance languages such as Alsatian and Basque), deemed patois, as opposed to standard French Vergonha is imagined as a process of "being made to reject and feel ashamed of one's (or one's parents') mother tongue through official exclusion, humiliation at school and rejection from the media", as organized and sanctioned by French political leaders from Henri Grégoire

allegations that genocide has been committed against Ukrainians since the Russian invasion of Ukraine in 2022

Genocide by the Ustashe during WWII

Mass starvation in the Tatar ASSR

De-Cossackization (; ) was the Bolshevik policy of systematic repression against the Cossacks in territories of the former Russian Empire between 1919 and 1933, especially the Don and Kuban Cossacks in Russia, aimed at the elimination of the Cossacks as a distinct collectivity by exterminating the Cossack élite, coercing all other Cossacks into compliance, and eliminating Cossack distinctness. Several scholars have categorised this as a form of genocide, whilst other historians have highly disputed this classification due to the contentious figures involved, which range from "a few thousand to

Swiss project to remove Yenish children from their families

1749–1767 ethnic cleansing in the Kingdom of Spain

war crimes and genocide in World War 2 in Yugoslavia

aspect of history

Killings of Albanians during the Balkan Wars of 1912–1913

thumb|A Sámi family in , around 1900. Photochrom|Fotokromtrykk.

wave of antisemitic attacks 1918–1920

organised mass persecution of the Greeks of the Soviet Union

Persecution and Genocide of Ingrians in the Soviet Union

17th-century Ukrainian pogroms