Glass chemistry

thumb|Corrosion on exposed metal, including a bolt (fastener)|bolt and nut

condensation of monomers or oligomers dispersed in a colloidal solution (sol) into a biphasic aqueous polymeric network (gel)

German chemist, glass technologist, and inventor (1851–1935)

Glass-ceramics are polycrystalline materials produced through controlled crystallization of base glass, producing a fine uniform dispersion of crystals throughout the bulk material. Crystallization is accomplished by subjecting suitable glasses to a carefully regulated heat treatment schedule, resulting in the nucleation and growth of crystal phases. In many cases, the crystallization process can proceed to near completion, but in a small proportion of processes, the residual glass phase often remains.

processing of waste glass into usable products

material used in dentistry as a filling material and luting cement

optical lenses that darken on exposure to certain wavelengths of light

chemical degradation of old glass

activity to extend the life of historical objects

surface reactive glass-ceramic biomaterial

crystal-clear glass that belongs to the lithium-silicate family of glasses

production methods

Melting points of chemical mixtures