Hebrew words and phrases

Shabbat (, , or ; , , ) or the Sabbath (), also called Shabbos (, ) by Ashkenazim, is Judaism's day of rest on the seventh day of the week—i.e., Friday–Saturday. On this day, religious Jews remember the biblical stories describing the creation of the heaven and earth in six days and the redemption from slavery and the Exodus from Egypt. Since the Jewish religious calendar counts days from sunset to sunset, Shabbat begins in the evening of what on the civil calendar is Friday.

Jewish traditional folk song in Hebrew

thumb|right|250px|Shalom in Hebrew

thumb|360px|right|Top row, proto-Maskilim: Raphael Levi Hannover • [[Solomon Dubno • Tobias Cohn • Marcus Elieser Bloch 2nd row, Berlin Haskalah: Salomon Jacob Cohen • David Friedländer • Naphtali Hirz Wessely • Moses Mendelssohn3rd row, Austria and Galicia: Judah Löb Mieses • Solomon Judah Loeb Rapoport • Joseph Perl • Baruch Jeitteles Bottom row, Russia: Avrom Ber Gotlober • Abraham Mapu • Samuel Joseph Fuenn • Isaac Baer Levinsohn ]]

thumbnail|Shofar thumbnail|Shofar thumbnail|Blowing the shofar A shofar ( ; from , ) is an ancient musical horn, typically a ram's horn, used for Jewish ritual purposes. Like the modern bugle, the shofar lacks pitch-altering devices, with all pitch control done by the player's varying their embouchure. The shofar is blown in synagogue services on Rosh Hashanah and at the end of Yom Kippur; it is also blown every weekday morning in the month of Elul running up to Rosh Hashanah. Shofars come in a variety of sizes and shapes, depending on the choice of animal and level of finish.

thumb|Biblical text on a synagogue in Holešov, Czech Republic: "HaShem kills and makes alive; He brings down to Sheol and raises up." ([[1 Samuel 2:6)]]

Jewish phrase for congratulations

word meaning "father" in Semitic languages

thumb|A sofer at work, Ein Bokek, Israel thumb|A sofer sews together the pieces of parchment A sofer, sopher, sofer SeTaM, sofer ST"M (, "scribe"; plural , ), or soifer () is a Jewish scribe who can transcribe Sifrei Kodesh (holy scrolls), tefillin (phylacteries), mezuzot (ST"M, , is an abbreviation of these three terms) and other religious writings.

' ( or , ; : ', Hebrew: , , or in Yiddish ) is a round, jelly doughnut–like pastry, eaten around the world during the Jewish festival of Hanukkah. The doughnut is deep-fried, injected with jam or custard, and then topped with powdered sugar. The doughnut recipe originated in Europe in the 16th century, and by the 19th century was known as a Berliner in Germany and a Religieuse in France. Polish Jews, who called them ponchki, fried the doughnuts in schmaltz rather than lard due to kashrut laws. The ponchik was brought to Israel by Polish Jewish immigrants, where it was renamed the based on the

Shekhinah ( or ) is the romanization of a Hebrew word meaning "dwelling" or "settling". Shekhinah denotes the manifest divine presence of God and is an extensively discussed concept in the Talmud, philosophy, the Midrash, Hasidic thought, and Kabbalah in Judaism. Unlike other Hebrew terms for divinity that emphasize transcendence or sovereignty of God, Shekhinah uniquely conveys the immanent, relational aspect of the Divine as experienced within the world—particularly in communal, liturgical, or revelatory contexts, such as its accompaniment of the Israelites during the Babylonian captivity an

(; ) is a word used 74 times in the Hebrew Bible. Its etymology and precise meaning are unknown, though various interpretations have been proposed.

week-long mourning period in Judaism for first-degree relatives

thumb|300px|Crowd performing Selichot and Annulment of Vows (Neder#Annulment (hatarat nedarim)|Hatarat Nedarim) at the [[Western Wall in Jerusalem.]]

repair of the world

traditional Jewish Hebrew-language greeting

Rishonim (; ; sing. , Rishon) were the leading rabbis and poskim who lived approximately during the 11th to 15th centuries, in the era before the writing of the Shulchan Aruch (, "Set Table", a common printed code of Jewish law, 1563 CE) and following the Geonim (589–1038 CE). Rabbinic scholars subsequent to the Shulchan Aruch are generally known as acharonim ("the latter ones").

Notarikon () is a Talmudic method of interpreting Biblical words as acronyms. The same term may also be used for a Kabbalistic method of using the acronym of a Biblical verse as a name for God. Another variation uses the first and last letters, or the two middle letters of a word, to form another word. The word "notarikon" is borrowed from the Greek language (νοταρικόν), and was derived from the Latin word "notarius" meaning "shorthand writer."

'''''' (, also Romanized: ) is a Hebrew word that means 'kindness or love between people', specifically of the devotional piety of people towards God as well as of love or mercy of God towards humanity. It is frequently used in Psalms in the latter sense, where it is traditionally translated as "loving kindness" in English translations.

thumb|right|The Hakham of Moinești (Hahamul din Moineşti), [[Ștefan Luchian, 1909]] Hakham (or Chakam(i), Haham(i), Hacham(i), Hach; ) is a term in Judaism meaning a wise or skillful man; it often refers to someone who is a great Torah scholar. It can also refer to any cultured and learned person: "He who says a wise thing is called a Hakham, even if he be not a Jew." Hence, in Talmudic-Midrashic literature, wise gentiles are commonly called '' ("wise men of the nations of the world"). In Sephardic usage, hakham'' is a synonym for "rabbi".

A nigun (, 'tune' or 'melody'; pl. nigunim) or niggun (pl. niggunim) is a form of Ashkenazi Jewish vocal music sung in group settings. Nigunim are melodic tunes, often using repetitive non-lexical vocables such as "bim-bim-bam", "lai-lai-lai", "yai-yai-yai", or "ai-ai-ai" rather than with formal lyrics. Sometimes, a nigun is expressed as a mystical musical form of Jewish prayer or glossolalia. Hebrew Biblical verses or quotes from other classical Jewish texts are sometimes sung repetitively to form a nigun. Some nigunim are sung as prayers of lament, while others may be joyous or victorious in

thumb | right | alt=Commemorative plaque of the Network of Jewish Quarters of Spain. Seville, Andalusia, Spain. | Commemorative plaque of the Network of Jewish Quarters of Spain. Seville, Andalusia, Spain. Sepharad ( or ; , ; also Sfard, Spharad, Sefarad, or Sephared) is the Hebrew-language name for the Iberian Peninsula, referring to the regions of present-day Spain and Portugal. By the 9th century, the term had come to denote this geographic area in Jewish usage. The designation Sephardic Jews refers to Jews whose ancestors lived in the Iberian Peninsula and were forcibly expelled beginning

Holocaust survivors in displaced persons camps

Hidden name of God in Judaism and occultism

Elyon or El Elyon ( ʼĒl ʻElyōn), is an epithet that appears in the Hebrew Bible and in other ancient writings. ' is usually rendered in English as "God Most High", and similarly in the Septuagint as ("God the highest"). The title ' is a common topic of scholarly debate, sometimes interpreted as equivalent to the Abrahamic God, and otherwise theorized as a reference to a separate deity of its own kind, potentially above that of Yahweh.

The Shidduch (, pl. shidduchim , Aramaic shidduchin) is a system of matchmaking in which Jewish singles are introduced to one another in Orthodox Jewish communities for the purpose of marriage.

head of a yeshiva

human settlement in Namibia

Aviv () means "spring (season)" in Hebrew. Aviv is the first month of the year in the Pentateuch, and is later called Nisan in the book of Esther and in subsequent post-exilic history up to the present day. These names are sometimes used interchangeably, although Aviv refers to the three-month season, and Nisan is called the "first month of Aviv." Aviv is also used as a given name, surname, and place name, as in Tel Aviv.

term used to refer to Jews from the Iberian Peninsula who arrived in North Africa as a result of the anti-Jewish persecutions

thumb | right | Migdol of Medinet Habu, Theban Necropolis, Egypt Migdol, or migdal, is a Hebrew word (מגדּלה מגדּל, מגדּל מגדּול) which means either a tower (from its size or height), an elevated stage (a rostrum or pulpit), or a raised bed (within a river). Physically, it can mean fortified land, i.e. a walled city or castle; or elevated land, as in a raised bed, like a platform, possibly a lookout.

Mokum (מקום) is the Yiddish word for "place" or "safe haven". It is derived from the Hebrew word makom (מקום, "place").

thumb|right|Shiur klali at Slabodka yeshiva (Bnei Brak)|Slabodka Yeshiva thumb|Gemara shiur at Tomchei Temimim|Toras Emes Yeshiva thumb|Rabbinical shiur delivered in Jerusalem thumb|Public shiur by Rabbi Ovadia Yosef at [[Bar-Ilan University, Machon synagogue]] thumb|Memorial shiur on the yarzheit of [[Rav Aharon Lichtenstein at Yeshivat Har Etzion]] thumb| 250px|right| Yom iyun, :he: מדרשת אוריה|Midreshet Oryah (click to enlarge) thumb| Sicha, Ulpana students thumb|Drosha by Rabbi Eliezer Shlomo Schick, [[Yavne'el Synagogue]]

Ḥasīd (, "pious", "saintly", "godly man"; plural "Hasidim") is a Jewish honorific, frequently used as a term of exceptional respect in the Talmudic and early medieval periods. It denotes a person who is scrupulous in his observance of Jewish law, and often one who goes beyond the legal requirements of ritual and ethical Jewish observance in daily life. In the Mishnah, the term is used thirteen times, the majority of which being in the Tractate Pirkei Avot.

Netzach () is the seventh of the ten sefirot in the Jewish mystical system of Kabbalah. It is located beneath Chesed ('loving-kindness'), at the base of the "Pillar of Mercy" which also consists of Chokmah ('wisdom'). Netzach generally translates to 'eternity', and in the context of Kabbalah refers to 'victory' (literal meaning), 'perpetuity', or 'endurance'. Within the Sefiroth, Netzach sits geometrically across from Hod.

Biblical demon or monster

Tikkun (, 'amending') or variants may refer to:

250px|thumb|A siyum on Ketubot (tractate)|Tractate Ketubot. Rabbi [[Asher Arieli is seen third from left.]]

hasidic formula phrase

Epikoros (or apikoros or apikores; , pl. epikorsim; ) is a Jewish term figuratively meaning "a heretic", cited in the Mishnah, that refers to an individual who does not have a share in the World to Come:

collective term for all Jewish religious literature

thumb|Betar members engaged in sifting wheat at the Ze'ev Jabotinsky training farm (hakhshara) in Zastavna, Romania, 1946. Hakhshara (; also transliterated Hachsharah, Hachshara or Hakhsharah) is a Hebrew word that literally means "preparation". The term is used for training programs and agricultural centres in Europe and elsewhere. At these centers Zionist youth and young adults would learn vocational skills necessary for their emigration to Israel and subsequent life in kibbutzim. Such camps existed before World War II, and still exist today.

''''''' (; also transliterated as ' or ''; literally "association") is a term used in Jewish sources for the worship of God in a manner which Judaism does not deem to be purely monotheistic. The term connotes a theology that is not outright polytheistic, but also should not be seen as purely monotheistic. The term is primarily used in reference to the Christian Trinity by Jewish legal authorities who wish to distinguish Christianity from full-blown polytheism. Though a Jew would be forbidden from maintaining a shituf theology, non-Jews would, in some form, be permitted such a theology without

"Living" in Hebrew

Nagid ( ) is a Hebrew term meaning a prince or leader. This title was often applied to the religious leader in Sephardic communities of the Middle Ages. In Egypt, the Jewish Nagid was appointed over all the Jews living under the dominion of the king of Egypt; he was invested with all the power of a king and could punish and imprison those who acted in opposition to his decrees; his duty was also to appoint the dayyanim (judges of the rabbinic court) in every city.

Rimmon or Rimon () is a Hebrew word meaning 'pomegranate'. It appears as a name in the Hebrew Bible where, when translated to Greek, it takes the form Remmon Ρεμμων, Remmōn).

expression used by Israel Defence Force soldiers

Jewish concept of domestic harmony

Ometz may refer to:

Yahalom (meaning "diamond" in Hebrew) may refer to:

curse placed after the name of particular enemies of the Jewish people

person who observes the Jewish Shabbat

language

honorific title given to one well versed in Jewish law