Human communication

Language is a structured system of communication that consists of grammar and vocabulary. It is the primary means by which humans convey meaning, both in spoken and signed forms, and may also be conveyed through writing. Human language is characterized by its cultural and historical diversity, with significant variations observed between cultures and across time. Human languages possess the properties of productivity and displacement, which enable the creation of an infinite number of sentences, and the ability to refer to objects, events, and ideas that are not immediately present in the disc

thumb|upright=1.3|The Rosetta Stone (196 BC) bears writing in three different scripts. [[Hieroglyphs (top) and Demotic (middle) record the same text in the Egyptian language, while an equivalent passage in Greek uses the Greek alphabet (bottom). These correspondences were key to the decipherment of Egyptian hieroglyphs in the early 19th century.]]

alt=An girl holding a newspaper with the headline: 'The Eagle Has Landed' – Two Men Walk on the Moon|thumb|319x319px|An American girl holding The Washington Post newspaper about the first Moon landing – [[Apollo 11, July 21, 1969]]

thumb|right|alt=A question mark made of smaller question marks|A question mark made of smaller question marks

A quotation or quote is the repetition of a sentence, phrase, or passage from speech or text that someone has said or written. In oral speech, it is the representation of an utterance (i.e. of something that a speaker actually said) that is introduced by a quotative marker, such as a verb of saying. For example: John said: "I saw Mary today". Quotations in oral speech are also signaled by special prosody in addition to quotative markers. In written text, quotations are signaled by quotation marks. Quotations are also used to present well-known statement parts that are explicitly attributed by

means by which a user interacts with and controls a machine

An error (from the Latin , meaning 'to wander') is an inaccurate or incorrect action, thought, or judgement.

200px|thumb|right|A 1930s Works Progress Administration poster depicts a man with WPA shovel attacking a [[wolf labeled 'rumor.]] A rumor (American English), or rumour' (British English; see spelling differences; derived from Latin 'noise'), is an unverified piece of information circulating among people, especially without solid evidence.

language meant for communication between people from different nations who do not share a common first language

part of a computer UI that indicates the position (textual or graphical) that operations will affect

thumb|Netherlandish Proverbs|One winds on the distaff what the other spins (Both spread gossip) by [[Pieter Bruegel the Elder (c. 16th century)]]

thumb |upright |Pressing hands together with a smile to greet namaste – a common cultural gesture in India

thumb|upright|Crowd applause taken at the Liverpool Arabic Arts Festival 2006, Liverpool, England thumb|The violinist Aleksey Semenenko comes to receive applause after performing in concert with the [[Kyiv Symphony Orchestra at the Kurhaus, Wiesbaden, conducted by Luigi Gaggero, who stands at the back of the stage.]]

thumb|right|300px|The diverse public is symbolized in this sculpture situated in Montreal, Canada named "". In public relations and communication science, publics are groups of individual people, and the public (a.k.a. the general public) is the totality of such groupings. This is a different concept to the sociological concept of the Öffentlichkeit or public sphere.

thumb|right|250px|Committee room, designed in 1901, in Halifax Town Hall A committee or commission is a body of one or more persons subordinate to a deliberative assembly or other form of organization. A committee may not itself be considered to be a form of assembly or a decision-making body. Usually, an assembly or organization sends matters to a committee as a way to explore them more fully than would be possible if the whole assembly or organization were considering them. Committees may have different functions and their types of work differ depending on the type of organization and its ne

communication process developed by Marshall Rosenberg

discipline that studies communication across different cultures and social groups, or how culture affects communication

any competence facilitating interaction and communication with others where social rules and relations are created, communicated, and changed in verbal and nonverbal ways

theory that shared understandings of the world create shared assumptions about reality

exchange of information between two or more people who are interdependent

expression of regret or remorse

Paralanguage, also known as vocalics, is a component of meta-communication that may modify meaning, give nuanced meaning, or convey emotion, by using suprasegmental techniques such as prosody, including pitch, volume, intonation, etc. It is sometimes defined as relating to nonphonemic properties only. Paralanguage may be expressed consciously or unconsciously.

technique of understanding speech when sound is not available

thumb|upright=1.2|Clapping hands Clapping is the percussive sound made by striking together two flat surfaces, as in the body parts of humans or animals. Humans clap with the palms of their hands, often quickly and repeatedly to express appreciation or approval (see applause), but also in rhythm as a form of body percussion to match the sounds in music, dance, chants, hand games, and clapping games.

Dialogue between members of different religions and world views

thumb|Confession of Love by Jean-Honoré Fragonard depicts a subject confessing feelings that had been concealed up to that point.

conceptual model used to explain the human communication process

process of communication with oneself

Ecolinguistics emerged in the 1990s as a new paradigm of linguistic research that widens sociolinguistics to take into account not only the social context in which language is embedded but also the wider ecological context, including other species and the physical environment.

process through which information is filtered for dissemination

set of behaviours or social skills

words or sounds used without meaning, like "umm" or "Err.."

thumb|right|300px|The Conjurer (painting)|The Conjurer, by [[Hieronymus Bosch, shows the bending figure looking forward, steadily, intently, and with fixed attention, while the other figures in the painting look in various directions, some outside the painting.]]

man who practices finding, attracting, and seducing women

Rapport ( ; ) is a close and harmonious relationship in which the people or groups concerned are "in sync" with each other, understand each other's feelings or ideas, and communicate smoothly.

thumb|Fans of the Cleveland Guardians|Cleveland Indians baseball team booing fans of the [[Detroit Tigers]] Booing is an act of publicly showing displeasure for someone or something, such as an entertainer or an athlete, by loudly yelling "Boo!" and sustaining the "oo" sound by holding it out. It may be accompanied by hand gestures such as the thumbs down sign.

form of physical intimacy

process of sharing information between employees within and outside a company

involuntary tendency of speakers to increase their vocal effort when in loud environments

thumb|alt=A man wearing a tiara, a loosened paisley necktie, and a pair of glasses with a beverage shrugging at the camera.|A man shrugging thumb|Diagram showing how to do shoulder shrugs after breast reconstruction surgery

sociological concept associated with status

how humans communicate

psychological theory regarding individuals on the autism spectrum

system of communication using visual elements

Cluttering is a speech and communication disorder characterized by a rapid rate of speech, erratic rhythm, and poor syntax or grammar, making speech difficult to understand.

sustained applause by a standing audience

thumb|The Complaint tablet to Ea-nāṣir is the oldest known written complaint Complaining is a form of communication that expresses dissatisfaction regardless of having actually experienced the subjective feeling of dissatisfaction or not. It may serve a range of intrapsychic and interpersonal purposes, including connecting with others who feel similarly displeased, reinforcing a sense of self, or a cathartic expression of personal emotion.

thumb|"ƿil cuman," () an Old English welcome phrase, which was used over a thousand years ago and evolved into the modern English "welcome". thumb|right|A welcome mat. thumb|right|State welcome sign at the Virginia border. A welcome is a kind of greeting designed to introduce a person to a new place or situation, and to make them feel at ease. The term can similarly be used to describe the feeling of being accepted on the part of the new person.

300px|thumb|Anne Sullivan demonstrating the use of the method with [[Helen Keller, 1929|right]]

thumbnail|A young boy mirrors the gesture of his grandmother

Subvocalization, or silent speech, is the internal speech typically made when reading; it provides the sound of the word as it is read. This is a natural process when reading, and it helps the mind to access meanings to comprehend and remember what is read, potentially reducing cognitive load.

Intercomprehension is when people try to communicate with each other using their own different languages. Intercomprehension can be explained as a dialogue between people from two different languages. Each one expresses in their own language, making efforts to understand each other.

system in which the separate functions of the human and the machine are interrelated and both necessary for its operation

Code-mixing is the mixing of two or more languages or language varieties in speech.

visual system of communication used with and among deaf or hard-of-hearing people, it adds information about the phonology of the words that is not visible on the lips

theory of cognitive linguistics

interdisciplinary research field studying the interaction between humans and robots

Passing on of information from one group of people or animals to another

academic discipline

American media analytics company