Indonesian inventions

right|thumb|Various kites being flown

Batik is a dyeing technique using wax resist. The term is also used to describe patterned textiles created with that technique. Batik is made by drawing or stamping wax on a cloth to prevent colour absorption during the dyeing process. This creates a patterned negative when the wax is removed from the dyed cloth. Artisans may create intricate coloured patterns with multiple cycles of wax application and dyeing. Patterns and motifs vary widely even within countries. Some patterns hold symbolic significance and are used only in certain occasions, while others were created to satisfy market deman

thumb|262px|Two men (right) are lifting the gong depicted on the 13th-century temple reliefs at the Candi Induk, Penataran|Panataran temple complex in [[East Java, Indonesia]] thumb|262px|A gong collection in a gamelan ensemble of instruments – Indonesian Embassy [[Canberra]]

The kris or '''' is a Javanese asymmetrical dagger with a distinctive blade-patterning achieved through alternating laminations of iron and nickelous iron (pamor). The kris is famous for its distinctive wavy blade, although many have straight blades as well, and is one of the weapons commonly used in the pencak silat'' martial art native to Indonesia. Kris have been produced in many regions of Indonesia for centuries, but nowhere—although the island of Bali comes close—is the kris so embedded in a mutually-connected whole of ritual prescriptions and acts, ceremonies, storied backgrounds, and e

The (Sundanese: ) is a musical instrument from the Sundanese in Indonesia that is made of a varying number of bamboo tubes attached to a bamboo frame. The tubes are carved to produce a resonant pitch when struck and are tuned to octaves, similar to Western handbells. The base of the frame is held in one hand, while the other hand shakes the instrument, causing a repeating note to sound. Each performer in an ensemble is typically responsible for just one pitch, sounding their individual at the appropriate times to produce complete melodies (see Kotekan).

Songket or sungkit is a tenun fabric that belongs to the brocade family of textiles of Brunei, Indonesia, and Malaysia. It is hand-woven in silk or cotton, and intricately patterned with gold or silver threads. The metallic threads stand out against the background cloth to create a shimmering effect. In the weaving process the metallic threads are inserted in between the silk or cotton weft (latitudinal) threads in a technique called supplementary weft weaving technique.

256px|right|thumb|A Cycle rickshaw#Indonesia|becak driver in [[Yogyakarta, Indonesia, smoking a kretek]] thumb|right|256px|A pack of Sampoerna A-Mild, a popular Indonesian brand of kretek manufactured by Sampoerna thumb|right|256px|Tobacco leaves sorting in Java. Tobacco was introduced by the Dutch during the colonial period. thumb|right|256px|Kreteks from the 1910s, containing resin, [[nutmeg, cumin, clove, and tobacco wrapped in banana leaves]]

thumb|Pinisi boats at the port of Paotere in Makassar, 1994

type of transistor used in nanoelectronic integrated circuits

Board Game from Surakarta

8th-century sailing vessel depicted in bas reliefs of Borobudur, Java, Indonesia

battened lugsail from Asia

thumb|250px|Two Malay rentaka

thumb|300x300px|Depiction of a three-masted Javanese jong in Banten, by Hieronymus Megiser, 1610

type of ship similar to galley from Nusantara

type of oared ship from Moluccas

Nias battle helmet

thumb|Bronze hand cannon cetbang, found in the Brantas River|Brantas river, Sumberagung village, Jombang, East Java. The mouth of the cannon is on the right, while the left is where the pole is attached.

light Nusantaran cannon larger than a rentaka

Oblique quadrilateral sail from Southeast Asia

thumb|Pencalang (mislabelled as Mayang (boat)|mayang) at full sail, Java, 1841 Pencalang is a traditional merchant ship from Nusantara. Historically it was also written as pantchiallang or pantjalang. It was originally built by Malay people from the area of Riau and the Malay Peninsula, but has been copied by Javanese shipwrights. By the end of the 17th century this ship has been built by Javanese and Chinese shipbuilders in and around Rembang. However it was a popular choice for Balinese skippers followed by Sulawesian skippers.

thumb|The Nur Al Marege, a modern replica of a padewakang, sailed from Makassar to the north coast of Australia in 2019. thumb|A two-masted padewakang, 1880–1890. Padewakangs were traditional boats used by the Bugis, Mandar, and Makassar people of South Sulawesi. Padewakangs were used for long-distance voyages serving the south Sulawesi kingdoms.

thumb|Sandeq in Majene thumb|Sandeq in Brest, France|Brest

Iqro (; full title: ''Buku Iqro': Cara Cepat Belajar Membaca Al-Qur’an'', "Iqro Book: A Fast Way to Learn to Read the Quran") is a textbook used in Indonesia and Malaysia for learning Arabic letters and pronunciation. It was originally published in the early 1990s, authored by As'ad Humam and a team known as "Team Tadarus AMM" in Yogyakarta. Iqro is a stepping-stone for reading the Quran in its original Arabic, given that these countries do not use Arabic outside religious contexts.

thumb|A katapu cap Katapu or Kalapu is a traditional war cap or helmet used by the Dayaks of Borneo (Indonesia and Malaysia). The katapu is only worn during war.

Two types of traditional merchant boats from Indonesia

Ancient sailing ship from Java or Sumatra

Traditional war jacket of Indonesia

thumb|Sketch of a paseki Paseki is a helmet from Indonesia. It is used by the ethnic groups of eastern Indonesia, such as the Toraja and Minahasa of Sulawesi.

thumb|A portion of Miller Atlas|Miller atlas, showing a galley, [[dhow, and Ottoman ghurābs of the Arabian sea.]] Ghurab or gurab is a type of merchant and warship from the Nusantara archipelago. The ship was a result of Mediterranean influences in the region, particularly introduced by the Arabs, Persians, and Ottomans. For their war fleet, the Malays prefer to use shallow draught, oared longships similar to the galley, such as lancaran, penjajap, and kelulus. This is very different from the Javanese who prefer long-range, deep-draught round ships such as jong and malangbang. The reason for t

Indonesian chainmail armor

Large-sized kora-kora or karakoa

A type of coasting boat from Southeast Asia

Indonesian batik motifs

Betawi-style of batik

thumb|300x300px|Kelulus as depicted in La Marina de Oriente (1740). Kelulus or kalulus is a type of rowing boat used in the Nusantara archipelago. It is typically small in size and propelled using oar or paddle. However, for long-distance voyages, this boat can be equipped with sails. It is not the same as prahu kalulis of the eastern part of the Indonesian archipelago.

Indonesian batik motifs

Type of mail and plate armour from Nusantara archipelago