Informal fallacies

fallacious argumentative strategy that avoids genuine discussion of the topic by instead attacking the character, motive etc. of the person(s) associated with the argument

informal fallacy involving falsely limited alternatives, when in fact there is at least one additional option

refutation of a view by comparing it to the Nazi Party

false clue that misleads or distracts attention away from a relevant or important question

logical fallacy in which the reasoner begins the premise with what they are trying to conclude with

"Whataboutism" or "whataboutery" (as in, "but what about X?") refers to the propaganda strategy of responding to an accusation with a counter-accusation instead of offering an explanation or defense against the original accusation. It is an informal fallacy that the accused party uses to avoid accountability—whether attempting to distract by shifting the conversation's focus away from their behaviour or attempting to justify themselves by pointing to the similar behaviour (which may be true or false, but irrelevant) of their opponent or another party who is not the current subject of discussio

logical error of concentrating on the people or things that made it past some selection process and overlooking those that did not, typically because of the latter's lack of visibility

threat of force to make a conclusion accepted

type of fallacy, where a proposition is assumed as a premise, which itself needs a proof and directly entails the conclusion

evidence collected in a casual or informal manner and relying heavily or entirely on personal testimony

cognitive bias that assumes that actions will have morally fair and fitting consequences for the actor

psychological defense mechanism in which controversial behaviors or feelings are justified and explained in a seemingly rational or logical manner to avoid the true explanation

rhetorical technique using mere volume and rapidity of arguments

parable from the ancient Indian subcontinent, in which several blind men feel and try to conceptualize an elephant

parable by French economist Frédéric Bastiat

question that contains a controversial or unjustified assumption (e.g., a presumption of guilt)

formal fallacy that occurs when it is assumed that specific conditions are more probable than a single general one

In internet slang, rage-baiting (also ragebaiting, rage-farming, or rage-seeding) is the manipulative tactic of eliciting outrage with the goal of increasing internet traffic, online engagement, and revenue, as well as attracting new subscribers, followers, or supporters. This manipulation occurs through offensive or inflammatory headlines, memes, tropes, or comments that provoke users to respond in kind.

type of logical fallacy

logical fallacy of inconsistency

informal fallacy in which a passage is removed from its surrounding matter in such a way as to distort its intended meaning

anachronistic application of present-day perspectives or judgements when describing the past

fallacy of treating an abstraction as if it were a real thing

form of incorrect argument in natural language

informal fallacy in comparing actualities with ideals

thumb|Stephen Colbert coined the term "truthiness" on his political satire show [[The Colbert Report.]] Truthiness is the belief or assertion that a particular statement is true based on the intuition or perceptions of some individual or individuals, without regard to evidence, logic, intellectual examination, or facts. Truthiness can range from ignorant assertions of falsehoods to deliberate duplicity or propaganda intended to sway opinions.

semantic or ontological error

informal fallacy

category of informal fallacies

formal fallacy when one makes an illicit use of Leibniz's law in an argument

phrase originating from goal sports, now describing by metaphor a kind of logical fallacy or debate tactic

linguistic expression

purported phenomenon that a person who experiences a successful outcome has a greater chance of success in further attempts

informal fallacy

informal logical fallacy

the argument against abiogenesis of chance

statement that can be expressed in the form of a conditional statement with a false antecedent

attacking an opponent's inherent identity rather than their arguments

potential mistake in reasoning attributed to René Descartes

attempt made at introducing alternatives where there are none

the use of multiple inconsistent arguments to defend a point

riddle

type of informal fallacy

misuse of games to model real-life, a concept proposed by Nassim Nicholas Taleb in his book The Black Swan

an informal fallacy when someone thinks that the way they see the world reflects the way the world really is

cognitive bias of wrongly viewing yourself as unique

Logical fallacy

logical fallacy

psychological term

fallacy that occurs when an observer assumes that their subjective experience reflects the true nature of an event

the fallacy of claiming that something is true for one person but not true for someone else, when in fact that thing is an objective fact

type of informal fallacy that occurs when the arguer fails to recognize the difference between rules of thumb and categorical propositions

type of argument that tries to redefine a correlative so that one alternative encompasses the other

type of logical fallacy

type of fallacy in modal logic

logical fallacy that is often used to illustrate how politicians can be tempted to initiate measures or reform for the sake of the reform and actions themselves, regardless of whether the reform has any kind of substance

informal fallacy of emphasis in which outcomes are asserted to have been caused by the hidden misconduct or wrongdoing by decision makers

logical fallacy