Instruction processing

set of abstract symbols (called instructions) which identify and describe operations in a computer program to a computer processor

In computer architecture, microcode is a layer of low-level control data or instructions used to implement a processor's instruction set architecture or internal control sequences. It consists of hardware-level operations that carry out higher-level machine code instructions or direct internal sequencing in many digital components. In many modern Intel and AMD general-purpose processors, common instructions are decoded directly into internal micro-operations, while microcode is used mainly for more complex instructions, special cases, and processor updates.

right|thumb|upright=2|Diagram of the Core (microarchitecture)|Intel Core 2 microarchitecture

method of improving instruction-level parallelism

type of instruction set architecture

use of a graphics processing unit to perform computation in applications traditionally handled by the central processing unit

digital circuit that guesses which way a branch will go to improve flow in the instruction pipeline

ability of a central processing unit (CPU) or a single core in a multi-core processor to execute multiple processes or threads concurrently

optimization technique

basic operation cycle of a computer

data processing chain, implemented in hardware or software

instruction in computer program

CPU paradigm in which a processor executes instructions in an order based on availability of input data/execution units rather than original order in a program, thus avoiding idleness while waiting for the preceding instruction to complete

ability of computer instructions to be executed simultaneously with correct results

instruction set architecture

computer architecture hardware algorithm

measure of processing speed: the average number of instructions executed for each clock cycle

feature of an engineered system that ties together system elements' states to prevent them from changing in a hazardous or incompatible way

Scoreboarding is a centralized method, first used in the CDC 6600 computer, for dynamically scheduling instructions so that they can execute out of order when there are no conflicts and the hardware is available.

thumb|right|upright=2.1|A high-level illustration showing the decomposition of machine instructions into micro-operations, performed during typical Instruction cycle|fetch-decode-execute cycles

synchronization barrier that forces an ordering constraint on memory accesses

instruction set architecture

processor with an instruction set customized (optimized) for a specific task

part of computer processors involved in performing memory accesses

type of computer processor design

term

research project into RISC-based microprocessor design

CPU that switches between threads of execution on every cycle

computer instruction slot that gets executed without the effects of a preceding instruction

computer architecture feature

Type of computing architecture

Computer hardware

CPU architecture feature to improve performance

processor feature for dynamic instruction scheduling

problems with the instruction pipeline in central processing unit (CPU) microarchitectures

Part of a computer processor

MIL-STD-1750A or 1750A is the formal definition of a 16-bit computer instruction set architecture (ISA), including both required and optional components, as described by the military standard document MIL-STD-1750A (1980). Since August 1996, it has been inactive for new designs.

the average number of clock cycles per instruction

delay in the execution of a processor instruction in a pipeline