International relations

1947–1991 tension between the Soviet Union and the United States and their respective allies

inalienable fundamental rights to which a person is inherently entitled

most important of the peace treaties of the First World War which ended the state of war between Germany and the Allied Powers

The Benelux Union (; ; ; ) or Benelux is a politico-economic union, alliance and formal international intergovernmental cooperation of three neighbouring states in Western Europe: Belgium, the Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The name is a syllabic abbreviation formed from the initial syllable of each country's name and was first used to name the customs agreement that initiated the union (signed in 1944). It is now used more generally to refer to the geographic, economic, and cultural grouping of the three countries.

regulations governing international relations

study of relationships between two or more states

government's strategy in relating with other nations

thumbnail|Duel between two enemies; here, the characters of Eugene Onegin and Vladimir Lensky from the novel, [[Eugene Onegin.]] An enemy or a foe is an individual or a group that is considered as forcefully adverse or threatening. The concept of an enemy has been observed to be "basic for both individuals and communities". The term "enemy" serves the social function of designating a particular entity as a threat, thereby invoking an intense emotional response to that entity. The state of being or having an enemy is enmity, foehood or foeship.

nation that has great political, military and economic influence

agreement between geographical entities

thumb|An EXCOMM meeting during the [[Cuban Missile Crisis, a crisis between the United States and Soviet Union over ballistic missiles in Cuba]] A crisis (: crises; adjectival form|: critical) is any event or period that will lead to an unstable and dangerous situation affecting an individual, group, or all of society. Crises are negative changes in the human or environmental affairs, especially when they occur abruptly, with little or no warning. More loosely, a crisis is a testing time for an emergency.

geo-political inter-parliamentary forum for co-operation between the Nordic countries

area of the European Union's internal market and some of EFTA states established in 1994

country's goals and ambitions whether economic, military, or cultural

Realpolitik ( ) is the approach of conducting diplomatic or political policies based primarily on considerations of given circumstances and factors, rather than strictly following ideological, moral, or ethical premises. In this respect, it shares aspects of its philosophical approach with those of realism and pragmatism.

a state which is no longer able, or seen to be able, to carry out its basic functions

North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) program aimed at creating trust and cooperation between the member states of NATO and other states mostly in Europe, including post-Soviet states; 18 states are members

thumb|A procession of high-ranking Assyrian officials followed by tribute bearers from Urartu. From Khorsabad, Iraq, c. 710 BCE. Iraq Museum thumb|Objects in the "Apadana" reliefs at Persepolis: armlets, bowls, and [[amphorae with griffin handles are given as tribute.]]

thumb|right| Adolf Hitler greets [[British Prime Minister Neville Chamberlain at the beginning of the Bad Godesberg meeting on 24 September 1938 in which Hitler demanded annexation of Czech border areas without delay, leading to the Godesberg Memorandum.]]

thumb|Catalan castellers collaborate, working together with a shared goal.

exchange of ping-pong players between the PRC and USA in the early 1970s

programs designed to improve the political, economic and social situation in developing countries

spread of nuclear weapons

measures taken to regulate the movement of goods and people across borders

Nation-building is the process of constructing or structuring a national identity through the utilization of state power. The objective of nation-building is to achieve the unification of the population within the state, thereby ensuring its political stability and viability. According to Harris Mylonas, "Legitimate authority in modern national states is connected to popular rule, to majorities. Nation-building is the process through which these majorities are constructed." In Mylonas's framework, "state elites employ three nation-building policies: accommodation, assimilation, and exclusion."

Chinese practice of giving live pandas as diplomatic gifts

thumb|upright=1.4|Aid per capita (2016, OWID)

thumb|Map of members of the United Nations, an organization that has discussed and engaged in internationality. Internationality, or the international, is the concept of something involving more than a single country and may suggest interaction between or encompassing more than one nation, or generally beyond national boundaries. For example, international law, which is applied by more than one country and usually everywhere on Earth, and international languages spoken by residents of more than one country. "International" is therefore also sometimes used as a synonym for "global".

system for holding debates and discussion panels on controversial issues

theory on international relations

thumb|right|400px|Map showing French colonies, protectorates and mandates (in blue) in Africa in 1945; namely French Equatorial Africa, [[French North Africa, French Somaliland and French West Africa. Along with former Belgian colonies (shown in light blue), these areas today make up the bulk of francophone Africa. ]]

situation in which active armed conflict has been brought to an end, but no peace treaty or other political framework resolves the conflict to the satisfaction of the combatants

set of measures taken by states, people and international organizations to ensure mutual survival and safety

legal theory that says that the national debt incurred by a despotic regime should not be enforceable

term for restrictions and regulations upon the development, storage, proliferation and usage of conventional weapons, and weapons of mass destruction

an identity document issued by a government or international treaty organization

thumb|Edward Luttwak was among the first post-Cold War contributors to the idea that the future of geopolitical competition would extend into the economic sphere. Geoeconomics (sometimes geo-economics) commonly refers to analytical frameworks used to assess the strategic spatial properties of national economies or the economic means of statecraft of particular territories in relation to others. Geoeconomics also serves as a strategic discourse and practice in foreign policy, where it is primarily informed by realist and mercantilist traditions. It emphasizes how states can leverage economic po

periods of regional peace maintained by Chinese hegemony

thumb|upright=1.3|Countries with military bases and facilities of the United States The term hyperpower has been used by political scientists and historians to describe an uncontested superpower, although the use of the concept is inconsistent. French foreign minister Hubert Védrine coined the term in 1999 to describe what he saw as the historically-unparalleled influence and might that were held by the United States at the turn of the century.

official warning statement issued by a government agency about the safety of travelling to a specific foreign destination

Social science studying violent and nonviolent behaviours and associated structural mechanisms

governing arrangements between transnational actors

international organizations that act within a specific region

Duplicity, fraud, or deception

individuals or groups that hold influence and which are wholly or partly independent of state governments

ancient proverb

academic discipline concerning national or international security

relatively small or limited action or clash that results in a wider dispute between two or more nation-states

form of the correspondence between the diplomatic missions

thumb|right|x200px|Head of Government of MIKTA nations gathering in 2024 G20 Rio de Janeiro summit: (L-R) Indonesia's [[Prabowo Subianto, Turkiye's Recep Tayyip Erdoğan, Mexico's Claudia Sheinbaum, Australia's Anthony Albanese, and South Korea's Yoon Suk Yeol]]

individuals or organizations that actively carry out the interests of a foreign country

application of marketing techniques for the advancement of a country

conflict not involving direct military action between the major actors

United States law

institution aimed at strengthening peace in Southeastern Europe (1999–2008)

right under international law of a sovereign state to take action to protect its citizens

tenet in international relations

thumb|Wikipedia workcamp in Switzerland in 2018 A workcamp in international volunteering, is an arrangement where groups of volunteers from different countries work and live together as a team on a short-term basis and for a not-for-profit cause, usually for one to three weeks. Workcamps are considered one of the most important types of international volunteering programs. They were first introduced in 1920 as a way of bringing people together for increased international understanding and peace reconciliation efforts.

principle in the law of the sea

set of principles, norms, rules and procedures that international actors converge around