Investiture Controversy

Pope of the Catholic Church from 1073 to 1085

King of England from 1100 to 1135 (1068–1135)

thumb|Fanciful 16th-century fresco in the Sala Regia (Vatican)|Sala Regia, by [[Giorgio Vasari, depicting Pope Gregory IX excommunicating Frederick II. Since few details were provided to the artist, Vasari chose to paint an excommunication scene generically. In the traditional excommunication procedure, the pope and his priests would hurl burning candles on the ground and stamp them out. The painter however here chose to show the pope personally stepping on the emperor.]] Excommunication is an institutional act of religious censure used to deprive, suspend, or limit membership in a religious c

Pope from 1119 to 1124

Head of the Catholic Church from 1099 to 1118

Holy Roman Emperor from 1084 to 1105

conflict between church and state in medieval Europe over the ability to appoint local church officials

King of Germany and Holy Roman Emperor, the fourth and last ruler of the Salian dynasty

Simony () is the act of selling church offices and roles or sacred things. It is named after Simon Magus, who is described in the Acts of the Apostles as having offered two disciples of Jesus payment in exchange for their empowering him to impart the power of the Holy Spirit to anyone on whom he would place his hands. The term extends to other forms of trafficking for money in "spiritual things".

body of all cardinals of the Catholic Church

principle to separate religious and civil institutions

agreement between Pope Calixtus II and Holy Roman Emperor Henry V on September 23, 1122 near the city of Worms

Canossian dynasty countess of Tuscany (c.1046–1115)

forged Roman imperial decree by which the emperor Constantine supposedly donated Rome and surrounding territory to the Pope

political and religious doctrine of the legitimacy of monarchs

Roman Catholic synod of 1123

Investiture (from the Latin preposition in and verb vestire, "dress" from vestis "robe") is a formal installation ceremony that a person undergoes, often to mark or celebrate their taking up membership in—or leadership of—a Christian religious institute, an order of chivalry (which may include knighthoods, damehoods, or other honours), or a governmental leadership role or office.

historical event in the European Middle Ages

1076 ritual submission of Emperor Henry IV

series of papal reforms in the 11th century

canon law of the Catholic Church

text concerning statements of powers arrogated to the pope

Duke of Swabia from 1057 to 1079

document providing a legal basis for the erection of the Papal States, which extended the temporal rule of the Popes beyond the duchy of Rome

thumb|Monarchia (1700-50s)

decretal regarding papal election

Count of Salm; German anti-king

Catholic cardinal and saint

1084 by the Normans under Robert Guiscard

1075 victory of Henry IV over Saxon nobles

Bishop of Constance

Wezilo, died 1088, was Archbishop of Mainz from 1084 to 1088. He was a leading supporter of the Holy Roman Emperor Henry IV in the Investiture Controversy, and of antipope Clement III.

requirement in certain religions that some or all members of the clergy be unmarried

Archbishop of Milan

governance policy in the early Holy Roman Empire

French bishop

Civil war in the Holy Roman Empire

German bishop

ecclesiastical synod convened by Henry IV

Monk and hymn writer

German archbishop

Layman given the revenues of an abbey